Untersuchungen zum notwendigen Maß bei der Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln in Winterweizen in den Jahren 2004 bis 2016

Schwarz, Jürgen; Klocke, Bettina; Wagner, Christina; Krengel, Sandra

doi:10.1007/s10343-018-0422-3

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…There is only fragmentary knowledge on the consequences of not using CSPs. This knowledge either builds on data from individual sites [87,89,90], only considers individual ecosystem services, primarily yield [91,92], or merely removes CSPs from the system without making further adjustments to the cropping system [88,93]. A detailed analysis of the factors influencing yield formation is a central pillar in the development of MECSs.…”

Section: Exclusion Of Chemical Synthetic Plant Protection Products In Mineral-ecological Cropping Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral-Ecological Cropping Systems—A New Approach to Improve Ecosystem Services by Farming without Chemical Synthetic Plant Protection

et al. 2021

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The search for approaches to a holistic sustainable agriculture requires the development of new cropping systems that provide additional ecosystem services beyond biomass supply for food, feed, material, and energy use. The reduction of chemical synthetic plant protection products is a key instrument to protect vulnerable natural resources such as groundwater and biodiversity. Together with an optimal use of mineral fertilizer, agroecological practices, and precision agriculture technologies, a complete elimination of chemical synthetic plant protection in mineral-ecological cropping systems (MECSs) may not only improve the environmental performance of agroecosystems, but also ensure their yield performance. Therefore, the development of MECSs aims to improve the overall ecosystem services of agricultural landscapes by (i) improving the provision of regulating ecosystem services compared to conventional cropping systems and (ii) improving the supply of provisioning ecosystem services compared to organic cropping systems. In the present review, all relevant research levels and aspects of this new farming concept are outlined and discussed based on a comprehensive literature review and the ongoing research project “Agriculture 4.0 without Chemical-Synthetic Plant Protection”.

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Section: Exclusion Of Chemical Synthetic Plant Protection Products In Mineral-ecological Cropping Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral-Ecological Cropping Systems—A New Approach to Improve Ecosystem Services by Farming without Chemical Synthetic Plant Protection

et al. 2021

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“…Also, the German National Action Plan on the Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products intends to reduce plant protection applications to the necessary minimum that secures economic cultivation of crops. Due to these reasons, it can be expected that the spectrum and quantity of available substances for plant protection will be strongly reduced in the future (Schwarz et al, 2018) and this will have great effects on managing pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the history of breeding, genetic resistance against rusts and powdery mildew have been the most successful (Singh and Rajaram, 2002). Resistant varieties, as part of integrated disease management, can contribute to reducing the use of chemical synthetic plant protection (Schwarz et al, 2018). In Germany, contrary to the continuously increasing resistance levels of new varieties, the treatment frequency and intensity of fungicides augmented slightly over time between 2011 and 2017, a trend that was influenced by disease-promoting weather conditions and by a focus of producers on yield protection (Roßberg, 2016;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Breeding Increases Winter Wheat Gross Margins–An Economic Assessment for Germany

Lüttringhaus¹,

Zetzsche²,

Wittkop³

et al. 2021

Front. Agron.

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Improved wheat varieties have ameliorated our food production. Intensive cropping systems, as in Germany, achieve very high grain yields and thus contribute greatly to global food security. As diseases, especially fungal pathogens, pose major threats in winter wheat production, disease management is crucial to uphold high production levels and to avoid economic losses. Yet, the economic value of breeding varieties with increased resistance to fungal pathogens has not been analyzed with comprehensive data. Our analysis fills this gap by quantifying the economic effects of 50 years of resistance breeding for winter wheat production in Germany. Based on field trials and agronomic production data, we analyze how resistances have influenced the economic profitability of the crops. Thereby, we can isolate the pure breeding-induced effects of increased resistance to fungal pathogens, which cause leaf and stripe rust, powdery mildew, and Fusarium head blight. We calculated the gross margins of 176 varieties according to nitrogen and fungicide applications in field trials. Regression models show that resistance breeding had a strong positive and statistically significant effect on the gross margins of the varieties. In comparison, the specific meta-environment of the season had a larger effect, while the effect of high nitrogen as well as fungicide treatments was lower. The gross margin increased over time along with higher resistances. Simultaneously, the difference in gross margins between the fungicide-treated and untreated variants decreased, indicating an increased contribution of resistances to yield stability. Resistances have increased gross margins greatly, as the health levels of varieties remain high without the need for fungicide applications and thus production costs can be saved. We conclude that resistance breeding has increased the economic profitability and sustainability of crop production due to a reduction in the costs for fungicides. In fields of farmers, these positive effects of resistance breeding can be fully realized by an optimal variety choice and a variety- and situation-specific disease management. Such an agronomic practice would not only further improve winter wheat gross margins but also mitigate some of the pressures on agricultural productions, such as reduced disease management options and adverse climate change impacts.

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“…Ein Langzeitversuch aus Brandenburg sowie niedersächsische Auswertungen zeigen etwas geringere Effekte. Dennoch ergibt sich auch hier durch den Einsatz krankheitsresistenter Sorten eine Reduktion des BI um 25 bis 50 % (Schwarz et al, 2018;Busche, 2008). Dieses Potential wird jedoch in der Praxis häufig nicht ausgenutzt, da in der Regel kein sortenspezifischer Fungizideinsatz erfolgt.…”

Section: Sortenwahlunclassified

“…Im brandenburgischen Dahnsdorf wurde in den Jahren 2004 bis 2016 anhand einer regionstypischen Fruchtfolge bestehend aus Getreide, Mais und Kartoffeln 27 ein Strategieversuch angelegt (Schwarz et al, 2018). Dabei wurden folgende Varianten untersucht:…”

Section: Versuchsergebnisse Zu Den Folgen Einer Reduktion Des Gesamte...unclassified

Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung des Pflanzenschutzmitteleinsatzes – Anpassungsoptionen, Kosten und Möglichkeiten zur umweltpolitischen Steuerung

Dehler¹

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Abbildung 17: Veränderung der DAKfL (in €/ha) der Anpassungsmaßnahmen von Zuckerrüben Abbildung 18: Veränderung der DAKfL (in €/ha) der Anpassungsmaßnahmen von Winterweizen nach Zuckerrüben Abbildung 19: Veränderung der DAKfL (in €/ha) der Anpassungsmaßnahmen von Stoppelweizen Abbildung 20: Veränderung der DAKfL (in €/ha) der Anpassungsmaßnahmen von Winterweizen nach Winterraps Abbildung 21: Veränderung der DAKfL (in €/ha) der Anpassungsmaßnahmen von Winterweizen nach Silo-und Körnermais Abbildungsverzeichnis V Abbildung 22: Veränderung der DAKfL (in €/ha) der Anpassungsmaßnahmen von Winterraps Abbildung 23: Veränderung der DAKfL (in €/ha) der Anpassungsmaßnahmen von Silo-und Körnermais Abbildung 24: Veränderung der DAKfL (in €/ha) der Anpassungsmaßnahmen von Wintergerste Abbildung 25: Anpassungskosten (in €/ha) auf Ebene der Einzelkulturen Abbildung 26: Die DAKfL der Kulturen je ausgebrachter PLI-Einheit Abbildung 27: Motormaschinenstunden (in h/ha) bei unterschiedlichem PLI-Niveau Abbildung 28: Veränderung der DAKfL (in €/ha) und erzeugter GE bei einer 25 %igen PLI-Reduktion verschiedener Umsetzungsoptionen auf gesamtbetrieblicher Ebene Abbildung 29: Veränderung der DAKfL (in €/ha) und erzeugter GE bei einer 50 %igen PLI-Reduktion verschiedener Umsetzungsoptionen auf gesamtbetrieblicher Ebene Abbildung 30: kulturindividuelle PLI-Obergrenzen anhand des Modellbetriebs Abbildung 31: Aufbau einer Online-Datenbank zur Kontrolle eingesetzter PLI-Einheiten Tabellenverzeichnis VI Formelverzeichnis VII Formelverzeichnis Formel 1: Berechnung des Behandlungsindex Formel 2: Berechnung des Pesticide Load Indicators Formel 3: Berechnung des Umweltverhaltens (environmental fate) im PLI Formel 4: Berechnung der Ökotoxizität (toxicity load) im PLI Formel 5: Berechnung des Einflusses auf die menschliche Gesundheit (health load) im PLI Verzeichnis der Abbildungen und Tabellen im Anhang VIII Verzeichnis der Abbildungen und Tabellen im AnhangAbbildung A 1: Mehrerträge (in dt/ha) und deren Spannweiten durch den Einsatz von Fungiziden im Mittel der Jahre 2004 bis 2016Abbildung A 2: Entwicklung der Fungizidkosten (€/ha) im ZeitablaufAbbildung A 3: Exemplarischer PLI-Vergleich zweier substituierbarer InsektizideAbbildung A 4: Gesamtkosten der Unkrautbekämpfung (€/ha) im Vergleich

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Untersuchungen zum notwendigen Maß bei der Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln in Winterweizen in den Jahren 2004 bis 2016

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Mineral-Ecological Cropping Systems—A New Approach to Improve Ecosystem Services by Farming without Chemical Synthetic Plant Protection

Mineral-Ecological Cropping Systems—A New Approach to Improve Ecosystem Services by Farming without Chemical Synthetic Plant Protection

Resistance Breeding Increases Winter Wheat Gross Margins–An Economic Assessment for Germany

Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung des Pflanzenschutzmitteleinsatzes – Anpassungsoptionen, Kosten und Möglichkeiten zur umweltpolitischen Steuerung

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