Untersuchungen zum energetischen Erhaltungsbedarf und zur Verwertung der umsetzbaren Energie für den Protein- und Fettansatz bei Ferkeln

Abstract

In respiration experiments with 16 piglets the effect of feeding level on energy metabolism was studied with the aim of estimating energy requirement and costs of protein and fat deposition. Four groups of 4 animals each were fed on different levels of digestible protein and metabolisable energy (ME). Group 1 was fed intensively, whereas the piglets of group 2, 3 and 4 received 92, 76 and 55% respectively of the amounts given to group 1. In the group 1-4 mean daily weight gain was 457, 437, 360 and 205 g respectively. As a consequence the rearing period increased from 44 days to 46, 56 and 98 days. The variation in feed intake affected not only significant differences in energy deposition but also changes in gain composition. In the groups 1-4 the average energy deposition was 4.2 MJ, 4.0 MJ, 3.0 MJ and 1.4 MJ per day and protein gain exceeded fat gain in all groups. Estimations of energy requirement for maintenance were carried out by means of multiple regression analysis using different models. As a result a value of 428 MJ ME per kg live weight 0.75 was obtained and the models used have hardly shown any influence. It seems that higher values for maintenance requirement, as formerly published, are due to different conditions of livestock management, such as temperature. For all groups the average efficiency of ME-utilisation for growth was 0.77, ranging from 0.73 to 0.82. The variation can be attributed to the changes in protein and fat formation. The groups with a higher proportion of protein in the accretion utilised metabolisable energy more efficiently than the intensively fed group 1 with the highest proportion of fat, the difference between the groups being in the range from 0.73 to 0.82. The efficiency of ME-utilisation for protein deposition was calculated to be 0.83 and for fat deposition 0.73. As a higher coefficient for fat formation may be expected in the light of the high fat content in the ration, calculations with an assumed coefficient from 0.75 and 0.80 had been carried out, showing that the efficiency of ME-utilisation for protein gain would only decrease to 0.79 and 0.73 respectively. According to these results the statement must be called in question, that the energetic efficiency of protein deposition of about 50 to 55% - as measured in numerous experiments mainly with older pigs - can generally be accepted.

Production and composition of Iberian sow's milk and use of milk nutrients by the suckling Iberian piglet

“…Our estimates of k p (0.373) and k f (0.696), calculated using equation (2), suggest that in the suckling IB piglet, ME costs for protein accretion and fat deposition are 64 and 57 kJ/g, respectively. Although our k f value approaches those of 0.72 to 0.78 reported in the literature for early-weaned piglets (Close and Stanier, 1980;Campbell and Dunkin, 1983;Gä deken et al, 1985), our estimate for k p is far below the corresponding values of 0.74 to 0.83 found in these studies. The high energy cost of the protein deposited in the IB piglet explains, at least in part, the poor conversion ratio of milk energy into body energy retention.…”

Utilization of milk fatty acids by the suckling Iberian piglets

“…In this study, partial efficiencies in the use of ME for protein and fat deposition were estimated as 0.373 (1/2.67) and 0.696 (1/1.44), corresponding to energy costs of 63.55 kJ ME/g protein accreted and 57.31 kJ ME/g of fat deposited in the body of the suckling piglet, respectively. The energy cost of fat deposition was found to be at the top of the range of values reported for early-weaned piglets (Campbell and Dunkin, 1983;Gädeken et al, 1985). Also, at later stages of growth, from 10 to 150 kg BW, at which we analysed the response of the IB pig to energy supply in terms of energy partition into protein accretion and fat deposition, and the energetic efficiency of the processes involved (Nieto et al, 2012), we have shown that, irrespective of BW and level of feeding, ME costs for protein accretion and fat deposition attain 60 and 62 kJ/g, considerably greater than in conventional or lean pig genotypes (NRC, 2012).…”

“…Our estimates of the partial efficiencies of utilization of metabolizable energy (ME) for protein accretion and fat deposition suggest that the IB piglet requires considerably more energy per unit of protein accreted than conventional or lean pig genotypes, as reported by Pluske and Dong (1998). The energy cost of fat deposition was observed to be at the top of the range of reported values for early-weaned piglets (Campbell and Dunkin, 1983;Gädeken et al, 1985). The low efficiency of utilization of milk protein by the IB suckling piglet could be explained by a marked shortage in His supply, and suboptimal provision of Arg, Gly and Ala (Aguinaga et al, 2011b).…”