Untersuchungen uber die vergleichende Anatomie des Gehirns. 1. Das Vorderhirn

Edinger, Ludwig

doi:10.2307/1411409

Cited by 61 publications

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“…The dorsal cortex seems to be an area of thalamic polysensorial convergence; its medial and lateral edges overlap the dorsomedial and lateral cortices giving rise to the ''superpositio medialis'' and ''superpositio lateralis '' respectively (de Lange 1911, Kappers andTheunissen 1908) in which some classic authors intended to detect the primordium of neocortex in reptiles (Edinger 1896, Elliot-Smith 1903, Johnston 1916. However, in lizards a primordium of hippocampus may be better recognised in the medial to dorsal areas (Lacey 1978) whereas in the dorsal to lateral areas a transition from CA3-CA2-CA1 hippocampal areas to olfactory cortex in the anterior levels and to the subiculum in the posterior levels has been hypothesised (Lopez-Garcia et al 1992).…”

Section: The Cerebral Cortex Of Reptilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lizard cerebral cortex as a model to study neuronal regeneration

López‐García

Molowny

Nácher

et al. 2002

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The medial cerebral cortex of lizards, an area homologous to the hippocampal fascia dentata, shows delayed postnatal neurogenesis, i.e., cells in the medial cortex ependyma proliferate and give rise to immature neurons, which migrate to the cell layer. There, recruited neurons differentiate and give rise to zinc containing axons directed to the rest of cortical areas, thus resulting in a continuous growth of the medial cortex and its zincenriched axonal projection. This happens along the lizard life span, even in adult lizards, thus allowing one of their most important characteristics: neuronal regeneration. Experiments in our laboratory have shown that chemical lesion of the medial cortex (affecting up to 95% of its neurons) results in a cascade of events: first, massive neuronal death and axonal-dendritic retraction and, secondly, triggered ependymal-neuroblast proliferation and subsequent neo-histogenesis and regeneration of an almost new medial cortex, indistinguishable from a normal undamaged one. This is the only case to our knowledge of the regeneration of an amniote central nervous centre by new neuron production and neo-histogenesis. Thus the lizard cerebral cortex is a good model to study neuronal regeneration and the complex factors that regulate its neurogenetic, migratory and neo-synaptogenetic events.

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Section: The Cerebral Cortex Of Reptilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lizard cerebral cortex as a model to study neuronal regeneration

López‐García

Molowny

Nácher

et al. 2002

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…A similar benefit in parsimony and communication ensues if homologous structures are given the same names across classes. The issue of brain homology across classes was addressed, beginning more than 100 years ago, by Ludwig Edinger and his students in Germany, as part of an effort to understand vertebrate brain evolution (Edinger et al, 1903;Edinger, 1908). They, and later others such as J.B. Johnston, G.C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the telencephalon, they expressed concern that use of terms such as archistriatum, neostriatum, and hyperstriatum, as per Ariëns-Kappers et al (1936), could promote the notion that the telencephalon in birds is composed almost entirely of a highly developed basal ganglia, which they regarded as unlikely, based on developmental studies by Kä llén (1953) and Haefelfinger (1957). Although they noted that other telencephalic terminologies had been suggested for birds, such as the descriptive terminology of Kuhlenbeck (1938), or the letter-based terminology of Rose (1914), Karten and Hodos ultimately decided to employ the evolution-based nomenclature of Ariëns-Kappers et al (1936), which was a revision of Edinger's terminology (Edinger et al, 1903;Edinger, 1908), for the major subdivisions of the telencephalon in birds, because this terminology was already entrenched.Subsequent atlases for other avian species (Stokes et al, 1974; Youngren and Philips, 1983;Kuenzel and Masson, 1988;Matochik et al, 1991) largely used the same terminology as Karten and Hodos, leading to standardization of avian brain nomenclature. Although much of the terminology used in Karten and Hodos (1967) has stood the test of time, many interpretations of telencephalic homology implied by the terminology of Ariëns- Kappers et al (1936) that Karten and Hodos (1967) had already suspected to be flawed have since been overwhelmingly shown to be erroneous (Figs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei

Reiner

Perkel

Bruce

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

1,064

1,170

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The standard nomenclature that has been used for many telencephalic and related brainstem structures in birds is based on flawed assumptions of homology to mammals. In particular, the outdated terminology implies that most of the avian telencephalon is a hypertrophied basal ganglia, when it is now clear that most of the avian telencephalon is neurochemically, hodologically, and functionally comparable to the mammalian neocortex, claustrum, and pallial amygdala (all of which derive from the pallial sector of the developing telencephalon). Recognizing that this promotes misunderstanding of the functional organization of avian brains and their evolutionary relationship to mammalian brains, avian brain specialists began discussions to rectify this problem, culminating in the Avian Brain Nomenclature Forum held at Duke University in July 2002, which approved a new terminology for avian telencephalon and some allied brainstem cell groups. Details of this new terminology are presented here, as is a rationale for each name change and evidence for any homologies implied by the new names.Revisions for the brainstem focused on vocal control, catecholaminergic, cholinergic, and basal ganglia-related nuclei. For example, the Forum recognized that the hypoglossal nucleus had been incorrectly identified as the nucleus intermedius in the Karten and Hodos (1967) pigeon brain atlas, and what was identified as the hypoglossal nucleus in that atlas should instead be called the supraspinal nucleus. The locus ceruleus of this and other avian atlases was noted to consist of a caudal noradrenergic part homologous to the mammalian locus coeruleus and a rostral region corresponding to the mammalian A8 dopaminergic cell group. The midbrain dopaminergic cell group in birds known as the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta was recognized as homologous to the mammalian substantia nigra pars compacta and was renamed accordingly; a group of ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons at the lateral edge of this region was identified as homologous to the mammalian substantia nigra pars reticulata and was also renamed accordingly. A field of cholinergic neurons in the rostral avian hindbrain was named the nucleus pedunculopontinus tegmenti, whereas the anterior nucleus of the ansa lenticularis in the avian diencephalon was renamed the subthalamic nucleus, both for their evident mammalian homologues.For the basal (i.e., subpallial) telencephalon, the actual parts of the basal ganglia were given names reflecting their now evident homologues. For example, the lobus parolfactorius and paleostriatum augmentatum were acknowledged to make up the dorsal subdivision of the striatal part of the basal ganglia and were renamed as the medial and lateral striatum. The paleostriatum primitivum was recognized as homologous to the mammalian globus pallidus and renamed as such. Additionally, the rostroventral part of what was called the lobus parolfactorius was acknowledged as comparable to the mammalian nucleus accumbens, which, together with the...

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“…One of the most remarkable features of the HG is the structural left-right asymmetry observed in certainspecies (Ariens Kappers, Huber and Crosby 1960; Kuhlenbeck 1977). The selachian HG has been known to exhibit a striking left-right asymmetry and has been the subject of numerous investigations (Edinger 1892 Miralto and Kemali 1980). Among the details of these findings, however, there exist discrepancies and uncertainties.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Golgi Study on the Neuronal Organization of the Habenular Ganglion in the Red Stingray, Dasyatis akajei

Iwahori

Nakamura

Kameda

1991

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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Summary: The neuronal organization of the habenular ganglion (HG) was studied in the red stingray using the rapid Golgi method. The HG was made up of the medial (MH) and lateral habenular nucleus (LH), and the former nucleus was further divided into a dorsal, intermediate and ventral subnucleus. Only one type of neurons were observed in the MH, while the LH was composed of two types of neurons. In the left HG cut at the rostrocaudal middle of the ganglion, the LH was located in the dorsolateral region, while the dorsal, intermediate and ventral subnuclei of the MH occupied the dorsomedial, intermediate and ventral portions of the ganglion, respectively. In contrast, the right ganglion seen at this level was composed exclusively of the MH, with the dorsal, intermediate and ventral subnuclei located in the dorsomedial, intermediate and ventral portions, respectively. In the caudal level of the left ganglion, each nucleus was seen almost in the same region as in the level of the rostrocaudal middle, however, three subnuclei of the MH fused with the same subnuclei of the opposite side. In the right ganglion at the caudal level, the LH appeared in the intermediate area The right LH was far smaller and was located more ventrocaudally than the left LH. On account of the LH, the intermediate subnucleus of the MH was divided into a dorsal and ventral part. The dorsal and ventral subnuclei of the MH remained in the same region as in the rostral level. Thus, the HG of the red stingray exhibited a striking left-right asymmetry, the most remarkable aspect of which was considered to be differences of the size, form and location of the LH between the left and right HG.The habenular ganglion (HG) is a conspicuous structure in the dorsomedial region of the diencephalon and is known to exist in all vertebrates. One of the most remarkable features of the HG is the structural left-right asymmetry observed in certainspecies (Ariens Kappers, Huber and Crosby 1960;Kuhlenbeck 1977). The selachian HG has been known to exhibit a striking left-right asymmetry and has been the subject of numerous investigations (Edinger

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Untersuchungen uber die vergleichende Anatomie des Gehirns. 1. Das Vorderhirn

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

The lizard cerebral cortex as a model to study neuronal regeneration

The lizard cerebral cortex as a model to study neuronal regeneration

Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei

A Golgi Study on the Neuronal Organization of the Habenular Ganglion in the Red Stingray, Dasyatis akajei

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