Untersuchungen über Chlorophyll

Willstätter, Richard

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-49665-3

Cited by 374 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…Chlorophyllase is the enzyme, first described by Willstatter and Stoll (13), which catalyzes the hydrolytic (or alcoholytic) cleavage of the phytol moiety from chlorophyll, giving free phytol and chlorophyllide. The assay procedure here describedl is a modification of the mlethod of Weast and Mackinney (12).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorophyllase Activity of Spinach Chloroplastin

Ardao

Vennesland

1960

Plant Physiol.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorophyllase Activity of Spinach Chloroplastin

Ardao

Vennesland

1960

Plant Physiol.

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“…The primary EXTRACTION OF THE PIGMENT: A survey was means of identification of porphyrins is by their abmade of the pigment content of many plant tissues sorption spectra and their HCl number (5,21). and organs, most of which were known to show some These are almost completely satisfactory when one is response to red light.…”

Section: Identification Of the Pigmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Porphyrin Pigment from Photosensitive Non-chlorophyllous Plant Tissues.

Todd¹,

Galston²

1954

Plant Physiol.

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It has long been known that visible radiations exert direct control over the growth and development of plants by photoreactions other than those involved in photosynthesis. In recent years it has become clear, primarily through the determination of .action spectra, that several of these apparently unrelated processes may have a common photoreceptor. For exanmple, the action spectra for the inhibition of stern growth of albino barley and promotion of leaf growth of etiolated peas (1,12), the photoperiodic control of floral initiation of cocklebur and other photoperiodically sensitive plants (2,13,14), and the photoreaction controlling lettuce seed germination (3, 6), appear to be similar, if not identical. Since light, to be photochemically effective, must first be absorbed, it follows that there must exist in all these tissues a pigment whose absorption spectrum should resemble the action spectrum obtained in vivo.In all of the processes mentioned above, red light of wave length approximately 660 m,u is most effective, blue light is much less effective, and yellow and green light aIre almost completely ineffective. These facts led to the suggestion that the receptor pigment is an open-chain tetrapyrrole such as phycocyanin (1). However, such a pigment, though intensively sought after in higher plants, has never been found outside of the blue-green algae.Recently, with the discovery that the red-light reaction controlling lettuce seed germination is immediately reversible by subsequently applied far-red irradiation at about 730 m/i (3), attention has been given to the possibility that the photoreceptor is actuallv a reversibly-reduced porphyrin. According to this interpretation, the relatively low promotive activity in the blue region of the spectrum would be due not to low absorption in this region, but rather to the low differential absorption between the promotive (660 m,u-absorbing) of interfering pigments such as chlorophyll. The present work involves the isolation and characterization of a porphyrin, widely distributed in nonchlorophyllous photosensitive tissues, and of possible importaince as the photoreceptor in several light sensitive processes.-MATERIALS AND METHODS In most of the experiments reported here, the initial extraction of pigment from the tissues was with peroxide-free diethyl ether (hereafter referred to as "ether"), petroleum ether, or acetone. The crude extracts were thoroughly washed with water (acetone extracts were first. t.ransferred to another solvent such as ether), followed by further solvent fractionation or by purification on sucrose or cellulose columns. Where seeds were to be extracted, they were usually ground in the dry state in a Wiley mill (20 to 40 mesh) and extracted with organic solvents. Tissues suchi as pea stems were usually lxyophilizedI and then extracted, although some extracts were made of fresh tissue ground in a mortar. Although the pigment here described was present in all plant materials examined, the richest source was found to be the seeds of various Poa (b...

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“…As secondary standards, WILLSTXTTER and STOLL (17), PALMER (11), and COWARD (3) have made use of potassium dichromate; whereas SPRAGUE and SHIVE (15) availed themselves of a mixture of the dyes Orange G and Naphthol Yellow. KUHN and BROCKMANN (6) have employed azobenzene.…”

Section: Separation Of Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier workers used standards which had a carotene value several times as high as that just described. Thus WILLSTXTTER and STOLL (17) and CO'WARD (3) employed a 0.2 per cent. potassium dichromate solution.…”

Section: Separation Of Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No attempt was made to separate carotene from other yellow pigments and the purity of the carotene standard was not given. In 1913, MONTEVERDE and LUBIMIENKO (9) reported a spectro-colorimetric method for the estimation of the pigments of green leaves, and in the same year WSILLSTATTER and STOLL (17) presented a method for the determination of carotene and xanthophyll which has served as the starting point for all subsequent modifications. The latter method consists essentially of acetone extraction of plant tissue, saponification of chlorophyll, separation of the carotenoids by means of petroleum ether and aqueous methyl alcohol, and the colorimetric estimation of the pigments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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