Untersuchungen �ber tages- und jahresperiodische �nderungen im Energiehaushalt gek�figter Zugv�gel

Merkel, Friedrich

doi:10.1007/bf00345584

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…True, this April-June period extends well beyond the normal early spring migration season of wild Robins, but a similar finding of spring migratory restlessness persisting in captivity beyond the normal migration period has been reported for several other songbirds as well (Eyster, 1954;Merkel, 1958;Wagner, 1930). The occurrence of high morning activity in Robins during the spring is also consistent with field work indicating that Robins stand somewhat exceptional among songbirds by migrating during the day rather than at night; furthermore, other daytime migrators like the Green Finch and the Mountain Finch also display migratory restlessness in terms of increases in the peak of morning activity (Palmgren, 1943).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Roosttime restlessness in captive American Robins (Turdus migratorius)

Eiserer

1979

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Roosttime restlessness in captive American Robins (Turdus migratorius)

Eiserer

1979

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…In the monkey, opening and closing the eyes are accompanied by a rise and fall of brain temperature, respectively (HAMMEL et al, 1963), and increases of brain temperature in response to light flashes have been observed in the cat (HULL et al, 1965). Similarily, longer lasting illumination has a positive effect on deep body temperature in the sparrow (BINKLEY et al, 1971), and shorter pulses of darkness lower oxygen consumption in passerine birds (MERKEL, 1958). In addition, a mostly positive correlation between light intensity and oxygen consumption level exists in chaffinches kept in constant conditions (POHL, 1970).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Circadian Rhythms of Brain Temperature in the Chicken, Measured at Different Levels of Constant Illumination

Aschoff

Paul

1973

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Summary 1) Temperature was recorded continuously at various depths in the brain tissue of unanesthetized but moderately restrained chickens. The chickens were kept in a small round arena within a soundproof chamber and exposed to constant illumination for up to 18 days. Activity on a spring-suspended floor in the arena was recorded on print-out counters. Light intensity was varied from 0.05 to 100 lux, but was kept constant for at least 24 hr and in most experiments for several days.2) The brain temperature and most of the activity of all chickens showed clear circadian rhythms. For each condition, the following parameters were computed : mean level of brain temperature, range of circadian oscillation, and amount of activity. 3) Level of brain temperature and amount of activity were positively correlated with light intensity. For the range of brain temperature oscillation, such a correlation was indicated by one statistical test, but the correlation was not significant with increased intensity in two other tests. 4) Range of oscillation seemed to be positively correlated with brain temperature levels at lower values, and negatively correlated at higher values of mean level. 5) The changes in brain temperature in response to changes in light intensity were rather abrupt and simultaneous in all parts of the tissue.In most of the species studied so far, the period of the free-running circadian rhythm depends systematically on light intensity (HOFFMANN, 1965). Little is known about other rhythm parameters' such as range (= difference between maximum and minimum within one period) and mean level (= arithmetic average of all instantaneous values measured within one period). From activity records, the ratio between activity time and rest time, as well as the amount of activity per period, have been computed as subsidiary quantities (ASCHOFF and WEVER, 1962).

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“…This pattern has been observed in both short and long distance migrants including Zonotorichia l. pugetensis and Z. l. gambelii, (Eyster 1954;Mewaldt et al 1964;Lewis 1975), Z. l. albicollis (Helms 1963;Weise 1963), Junco hyemalis, Melospiza georgiana, Passerella iliaca, Hylocichla guttata (Weise 1963), Sylvia borin, S. curruca, S. atricapilla, Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Fringilla montifringilla, Pylloscopus collybita, and P. trochilus (Gwinner and Czeschlik 1978), Fringilla coelebs (Shumakov 1976), Paserina cyanea (Emlen 1967), and S. communis (Wagner 1930). By contrast, studies of captive partial migrants in spring indicate a clear separation of migratory and breeding stages in European blackbird, Turdus merula (Schwabl 1981) and European robin, Erithacus rubecula (Merkel 1956(Merkel , 1961. Furthermore, timing of the onset and termination of autumn migratory restlessness appears to coincide with activity of free-living birds for Sylvia and Phylloscopus species (Gwinner and Czeschlik 1978) and Z. l. gambelii (Ramenofsky et al 2003) (see Terrill 1990 for review).…”

Section: Captive Studiesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Onset of the migratory stage commences with exposure to the natural increase in daylength and proceeds on a time scale commensurate with free-living counterparts (Farner 1955;Weise 1956Weise , 1963Helms 1963;Lewis 1975;Gwinner and Czeschlik 1978). However, termination is delayed as migratory restlessness and fattening persist beyond the migratory period of free-living counterparts, and only terminates when birds are refractory and undergoing postnuptial moult without expressing mature stages of breeding (Eyster 1954;Merkel 1956;Weise 1956Weise , 1963Lewis 1975;Gwinner and Czeschlik 1978;Wingfield and Farner 1980;Schwabl and Farner 1989). This pattern has been observed in both short and long distance migrants including Zonotorichia l. pugetensis and Z. l. gambelii, (Eyster 1954;Mewaldt et al 1964;Lewis 1975), Z. l. albicollis (Helms 1963;Weise 1963), Junco hyemalis, Melospiza georgiana, Passerella iliaca, Hylocichla guttata (Weise 1963), Sylvia borin, S. curruca, S. atricapilla, Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Fringilla montifringilla, Pylloscopus collybita, and P. trochilus (Gwinner and Czeschlik 1978), Fringilla coelebs (Shumakov 1976), Paserina cyanea (Emlen 1967), and S. communis (Wagner 1930).…”

Section: Captive Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Behavioral and physiological conflicts in migrants: the transition between migration and breeding

Ramenofsky

Wingfield

2006

J Ornithol

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Progression of the vernal migratory life history stage to breeding presents a number of apparent behavioral and physiological conflicts. Features that characterize the migratory stage include: high mobility, sociality, repetitive cycles of feeding (hyperphagia and fattening) and migratory flight. Breeding comprises: sedentary, territorial and reproductive behaviors, an initial decline in hyperphagia and reduction of fuel stores. Because morphology, physiology and behavior change, the transition between stages cannot be instantaneous. In many species development of the reproductive system actually occurs during migration, but in others gonadal development may not commence until later. This variation in degree of overlap of migration and reproductive functions is not well understood, but may be related to migratory distance and length of the breeding season, which tends to be shorter at higher latitudes and altitudes. In these habitats, migrants may arrive at their breeding sites to find unpredictable conditions that cannot support breeding. At this juncture, migrants may retreat to refugia and prolong maintenance of facultative migratory functions, termed arrival biology, until conditions improve sufficiently to initiate breeding. In this review, we focus on the Pacific races of the white-crowned sparrow, Zonototrichia leucophyrs, in which the entire spectrum of migratory strategies are represented from resident to long distance migrants and about which much is known. This species presents a unique view of the appearance and variations in arrival biology. Focusing on the juncture between migration and breeding, we discuss the diversity of responses of congeners to a spectrum of environmental conditions that favor survival and reproductive success.

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Untersuchungen �ber tages- und jahresperiodische �nderungen im Energiehaushalt gek�figter Zugv�gel

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Roosttime restlessness in captive American Robins (Turdus migratorius)

Roosttime restlessness in captive American Robins (Turdus migratorius)

Circadian Rhythms of Brain Temperature in the Chicken, Measured at Different Levels of Constant Illumination

Behavioral and physiological conflicts in migrants: the transition between migration and breeding

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