Untersuchungen �ber die Jahresrhythmik von Laufk�fern (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in der Cyrenaika (Libyen, Nordafrika)

Abstract

In a 30 km deep coastal area of the Cyrenaika (Libya) a total of 28 species of carabids was collected on regular excursions in 1967 and 1968. In midsummer almost no carabids were caught. They appeared at the beginning of autumn and were caught in winter regularly in equal numbers. During March, April and May the number of catches increased considerably. Using ground traps no more than two species (Carterus silvestrii, Pristonychus picicornis) were caught and that only from December to May. From the pattern of their occurrence we can conclude that in the Cyrenaika carabid beetles propagate mainly during the winter.By examining the gonads, catching larvae and breeding, it was possible to prove that the speciesBroscus laevigatus, Harpalus litigiosus ssp.cyrenaicus andPristonychus picicornis propagate in winter. Examination of the gonads also indicates a winter propagation of the speciesPterostichus barbarus andLaemostenus complanatus ssp.cyrenaicus. It is not certain, however, thatCarterus silvestrii propagates during the winter.The speciesCalathus fuscipes andCalathus mollis from the temperate northern regions, which are known as autumn breeders, were caught in Libya too, which indicates a relation between the autumn breeders of Middle and Northern Europe and the 'winter breeders' of the South Mediterranean countries. The presence ofPogonus chalceus in Libya strongly suggests that, in certain biotopes, spring breeders may develop besides the dominant autumn breeders.

Forty years of carabid beetle research in Europe – from taxonomy, biology, ecology and population studies to bioindication, habitat assessment and conservation

“…In Palestine, Bodenheimer (1934) only caught beetles from October to June. Winter breeding (rainy season breeding) is a typical reproductive strategy in habitats that are dry in the summer, such as North Africa (Paarmann 1970, 1975). In specific habitats with moist soil during the dry summer period, propagation and reproduction occur throughout the year (Paarmann 1975, 1976d).…”

Activity density of carabid beetles along an urbanisation gradient

“…We used this temporal distribution of sampling periods at the turn of two consecutive years because Mediterranean spring climatic conditions and hence biotic responses, recorded in a given spring-summer, are strongly influenced by those of the previous autumn-winter (Fanfani et al 2014). Moreover, this sampling strategy allowed the estimation of activity density that included both autumn and spring breeders (see Paarman 1970, Hůrka 1986, Den Boer & Den Boer-Daanje 1990, Brandmayr et al 2005. For each trapping period, traps were active for a minimum of 7 days to a maximum of 12.…”

Ecological, behavioural and chemical adaptations to ant predation in species of Thermophilum andGraphipterus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Sahara desert

“…Under the climatic conditions of the North Sahara with its cool and wet winter but hot and dry summer (Walther & Lieth, 1960), we can find a few carabid species in oases which are summer breeders (Paarmann 1975(Paarmann , 1976. The majority of species reproduce in winter (winter breeders, Paarmann, 1970Paarmann, , 1973Paarmann, , 1975Paarmann, , 1977 and survive the summer as adult beetles in dormancy.…”