Untargeted Metabolomics Unveil Changes in Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Galdieria sulphuraria Exposed to High-Light Intensity

Liu, Lu; Sanchez-Arcos, Carlos; Pohnert, Georg; Dong, Wei

doi:10.3390/ijms22031247

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Despite the fact that Galdieria is evolutionarily adapted to a low light natural environment [74,77], the two higher irradiances of 500 and 750 µmol photons m −2 s −1 led to increasing growth rates under both trophic regimes (Figure 1C-F; Table 1). This confirms the ability of G. sulphuraria to cope with stress caused by high light using metabolic modulation [78]. In the case of mixotrophic growth, it could also be caused by the increase in intracellular CO 2 in Galdieria [79].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…A temperature above 42 • C significantly reduced its growth (Figure S2), although possible tolerance of 56 • C was described in the literature [18]. Interestingly, a temperature of 25 • C was too low for efficient growth of G. sulphuraria (Figure 1, cyan hexagons), butit was partially compensated for under a mixotrophic regime (Figure 1F, cyan hexagons; Table 1), possibly due to metabolic modulation, allowing the cells to cope with the harsh environmental conditions [78]. From the four pH values tested, only pH 2, 3 and 4 were well tolerated by G. sulphuraria under both trophic regimes applied (Figure 2A,B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Growth under Different Trophic Regimes and Synchronization of the Red Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria

et al. 2021

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The extremophilic unicellular red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae) is able to grow autotrophically, or mixo- and heterotrophically with 1% glycerol as a carbon source. The alga divides by multiple fission into more than two cells within one cell cycle. The optimal conditions of light, temperature and pH (500 µmol photons m−2 s−1, 40 °C, and pH 3; respectively) for the strain Galdieria sulphuraria (Galdieri) Merola 002 were determined as a basis for synchronization experiments. For synchronization, the specific light/dark cycle, 16/8 h was identified as the precondition for investigating the cell cycle. The alga was successfully synchronized and the cell cycle was evaluated. G. sulphuraria attained two commitment points with midpoints at 10 and 13 h of the cell cycle, leading to two nuclear divisions, followed subsequently by division into four daughter cells. The daughter cells stayed in the mother cell wall until the beginning of the next light phase, when they were released. Accumulation of glycogen throughout the cell cycle was also described. The findings presented here bring a new contribution to our general understanding of the cell cycle in cyanidialean red algae, and specifically of the biotechnologically important species G. sulphuraria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Growth under Different Trophic Regimes and Synchronization of the Red Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria

et al. 2021

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“…In particular, the overexpression of alanine, glutathione, and l -aspartate, and their derivatives in both the strains under two different nutritional conditions, clearly suggests their central role in microalgal metabolism (Figure c). It has been established that the production of amino acids tends to decrease under conditions of nitrogen deficiency and such amino acids can function as a nitrogen buffer when nitrogen is lacking in the medium . Consequently, the lipid accumulation resulting from nitrogen starvation may be linked to a delay in protein biosynthesis, which is coupled with an excess carbon accumulation through photosynthesis, leading to its subsequent conversion into triglycerides .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging Phenotypic Traits in Microalgae: A Novel Strategy for Wastewater Treatment and Sustainable Biomass Production

Praveen,

Abinandan,

Venkateswarlu

et al. 2023

ACS EST Water

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Wastewater utilization by microalgal strains is due to changes in the inherent phenotypic traits that enable metabolic flexibility, facilitating their adaptation to survive in harsh environments. However, the potential role of changed phenotypic traits such as physiological and metabolic activities required for enhanced biomass production remains largely underexplored. In this study, involving acid-tolerant microalgal strains, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, we observed a timedependent growth increase (>300% after 1 week) under mixotrophic conditions. While transitioning to the second week, there was a change in growth pattern, with >600% increase in chlorophyll content and minor pH alterations, indicating the phenotypic response to the synergistic effect of nutritional mode during wastewater treatment. Both the strains showed a similar removal (70−80%) of both organic and inorganic carbon present in the wastewater, while the removal of nitrogen and phosphate (80−90%) was significant during mixotrophy. Metabolic analysis revealed the prominence of key pathways such as CO 2 fixation, nitrogen assimilation, and amino acid metabolism under mixotrophic conditions of an open system. Especially, strain MAS1 exhibited elevated expression of organic acids, suggesting their crucial role in nutrient uptake from winery effluents during mixotrophy. Thus, our study demonstrates that a synergy of wastewater environment and nutritional mode enhances phenotypic trait expression in microalgae to improve metabolic flexibility and sustainable biomass production.

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“…Environmental metabolomics and lipidomics have emerged as powerful approaches to studying organisms' chemical responses and adaptations to specific environmental conditions [40][41][42]. In marine environments, the metabolism of aquatic organisms is continuously affected by exposure to abiotic stressors, such as changes in temperature [43,44], light intensity [45], oxygen levels [46], and salinity [47]. A summary of their functional metabolic phenotype would contribute to understanding the chemical mechanisms underpinning the adaptations to these stressors [48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of the Macroalga Ulva prolifera Müller to Ocean Acidification Revealed by Complementary NMR- and MS-Based Omics Approaches

et al. 2022

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Ocean acidification (OA) is a dramatic perturbation of seawater environments due to increasing anthropogenic emissions of CO2. Several studies indicated that OA frequently induces marine biota stress and a reduction of biodiversity. Here, we adopted the macroalga Ulva prolifera as a model and applied a complementary multi-omics approach to investigate the metabolic profiles under normal and acidified conditions. Our results show that U. prolifera grows at higher rates in acidified environments. Consistently, we observed lower sucrose and phosphocreatine concentrations in response to a higher demand of energy for growth and a higher availability of essential amino acids, likely related to increased protein biosynthesis. In addition, pathways leading to signaling and deterrent compounds appeared perturbed. Finally, a remarkable shift was observed here for the first time in the fatty acid composition of triglycerides, with a decrease in the relative abundance of PUFAs towards an appreciable increase of palmitic acid, thus suggesting a remodeling in lipid biosynthesis. Overall, our studies revealed modulation of several biosynthetic pathways under OA conditions in which, besides the possible effects on the marine ecosystem, the metabolic changes of the alga should be taken into account considering its potential nutraceutical applications.

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Untargeted Metabolomics Unveil Changes in Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Galdieria sulphuraria Exposed to High-Light Intensity

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Growth under Different Trophic Regimes and Synchronization of the Red Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria

Growth under Different Trophic Regimes and Synchronization of the Red Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria

Leveraging Phenotypic Traits in Microalgae: A Novel Strategy for Wastewater Treatment and Sustainable Biomass Production

Responses of the Macroalga Ulva prolifera Müller to Ocean Acidification Revealed by Complementary NMR- and MS-Based Omics Approaches

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