Untangling Neurons With Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Vasodilator dysfunction and oligodendrocyte dysmaturation in aging white matter

“…Endothelial synthesis of vasodilator nitric oxide by the endothelial NO synthase is central to ACh-induced dilation of cerebral arteries 26 and plays key roles in cerebrovascular regulation related to cognitive impairment. 27 NAD(P)H oxidases are one important source of superoxide anion production, which interferes with nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation and thus contributes to the development of cerebrovascular dysfunction in transgenic mice that overexpress amyloid precursor protein. 28, 29 Consistent with a role for vasodilator dysfunction in mVBI, we previously found a significant elevation in WM oxidative stress in VCID, independent of the burden of AD, but associated with aberrant accumulation of OL lineage cells in WM lesions.…”

Nanotherapy for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: Targeting senile endothelium

“…Similarly, there is an apparent endothelium-dysfunction involvement Bhat 2015;Carradori et al 2016;Chao et al 2016;Devraj et al 2016;Di Marco et al 2015;Festoff et al 2016;Gangoda et al 2016;Hishikawa et al 2016;Hostenbach et al 2016;Kahlil et al 2016;Kelleher and Soiza 2013;Koizumi at al. 2016;Koster et al 2016;Muche et al 2017;Qosa et al 2016;Roberts et al 2016;Salmina et al 2010;Shang et al 2016; in Alzheimer's disease as well as in its major risk factors (Austin et al 2015;Austin and Katusic 2016;Bogush et al 2017;Chao et al 2016;Devraj et al 2016;Festoff et al 2016;Gangoda et al 2016;Iadecola 2016;Kahlil et al 2016;Kalaria et al 2016;Kamat et al 2016;Katusic and Austin 2016;Kelleher and Soiza 2013;Khan et al 2016;Kyrtsos and Baras 2015;Perrotta et al 2016;Roberts et al 2016;Shang et al 2016;Sheen and Sheu 2016;Toda and Okamura 2016;Toth et al 2017;Uiterwijk et al 2016;Vanhoutte et al 2017;…”

“…In fact, vascular dementia is considered the second most common cause of cognitive impairment after Alzheimer's disease in the elderly (Calabrese et al 2016). On another level, there is also much evidence that endothelial dysfunction, due to cerebrovascular risk factors (that include diabetes, hypertension, and hypoxia) precedes cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and contributes to its pathogenesis Iadecola 2016;Katusic and Austin 2016;Kelleher and Soiza 2013;Khalil et al 2016;).…”

“…In particular, "brain microvascular endothelial cells" (BMECs), which are "known as the body's largest endocrine, paracrine and metabolic organ", generate and release many vasoactive substances (Zhu et al2016); these include nitric oxide and endothelin-1, which maintain cerebrovascular homeostasis Zhu et al 2016). ] Accordingly, evidence has accumulated recently that diffusible mediators arising from vascular (endothelial) cells protect neurons from tau phosphorylation and, potentially, from progression of Alzheimer's disease pathology Iadecola 2016). These findings suggest that preservation of healthy endothelium can be an important therapeutic target Chakraborty et al 2016;Dalkara and Alarcon-Martinez 2015;Gocmez et al 2016;Giulia et al 2016;Katusic and Austin 2016;Kelleher and Soiza 2013;Li et al 2017;Pan et al 2016;van de Haar et al 2016;Velagapudi et al 2017;Wu et al 2016;Zhu et al 2016).…”

Nanotherapy for Early Dementia: Targeting Senile Dementia

“…In fact, vascular dementia is considered the second most common cause of cognitive impairment after Alzheimer's disease in the elderly (Calabrese et al 2016). On another level, there is also much evidence that endothelial dysfunction, due to cerebrovascular risk factors (that include diabetes, hypertension, and hypoxia) precedes cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and contributes to its pathogenesis Iadecola 2016;Katusic and Austin 2016;Kelleher and Soiza 2013;Khalil et al 2016;. [ Note that "endothelial dysfunction", which in turn leads to general microvascular dysfunction, has recently been referred to as "a common pathway" pathophysiologically in obesity-associated diseases (Sorop et al 2017).…”