Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine transformation products: A review

Milyushkin, Aleksey L.; Karnaeva, Anastasiia

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164367

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 174 publications

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“…Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) or 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is primarily used as a high-energy fuel in military and space industry, being reported also to be applied in the production of plant growth regulators, photographic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, dyes, etc. Chemical irreplaceability of UDMH determines its application despite the proven highly toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects to human beings and other living organisms [1]. Environmental exposure to UDMH is attributed to launch sites, fall regions and surrounding territories, launching rockets and missiles production, propellant transportation, filling and discharge of fuel tanks and as result of accidental spills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) exposure to zebrafish embryos causes lethal and severe teratogenic effects

Suvorova,

Sailaubekova,

Biyasheva

et al. 2024

BIO Web Conf.

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The assessment of lethal and teratogenic effects of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) using zebrafish embryo toxicity test for 72 h was performed. Following UDMH concentrations were studied for embryotoxic effects: 0.64M, 0.13M, 0.06M, 0.04M, 5x10-3M and 1,7x10-3M after 3 h embryo exposure to UDMH at 7-10 hpf. It was shown that high UDMH concentrations (0,64М, 0,13М, and 0,06М) possess significant embryotoxic action to D.rerio embryos followed by concentration-dependent embryo lysis. 0.04M UDMH and vapors caused severe teratogenic effects and growth retardation prior to hatching resulted in embryo mortality to 48 hpf and 72 hpf, respectively. Zebrafish embryos exposure to low UDMH concentrations of 5x10-3M and 1,7x10-3M caused no significant lethal, but pronounced teratogenic effect (in latter case accumulated from 24 to 72 hpf), with observed malformations of spinal cord and tail tip, yolk sac and pericardial edemas, hypopigmentation. Thus short term 3 h. exposure of D.rerio embryos to UDMH at gastrulation stage induces alterations that further revealed themselves throughout embryonic development causing dose-dependent lethal and teratogenic effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) exposure to zebrafish embryos causes lethal and severe teratogenic effects

Suvorova,

Sailaubekova,

Biyasheva

et al. 2024

BIO Web Conf.

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Analysis of nitrogen‐containing rocket fuel transformation products in loamy soil by thermal desorption gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

Popov,

Kosyakov,

Ul'yanovskii

2024

J of Separation Science

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Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) based rocket fuel, when released into the soil, undergoes oxidative transformations to form a variety of toxic nitrogen‐containing products (TPs). Loamy soils containing aluminosilicates (clay) are capable of strong binding and retention of UDMH TPs due to a combination of polar sorption and cation‐exchange properties, posing challenges for their extraction and quantification. To overcome this problem, the present study proposes direct thermal desorption (TD) of analytes from loam facilitated by the addition of modifiers competing with UDMH TPs for sorption centers and ensuring their conversion into molecular form. Among tested additives, the mixture of potassium chloride and hydroxide demonstrated the best performance and provided recoveries of the most UDMH TPs exceeding 70% under optimized TD conditions (200°C, 30 min). The online combination of TD with gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry allowed for the development of a method for the determination of 15 UDMH TPs in loamy soils with limits of detection in the range of 0.2–15 µg/kg. The use of matrix‐matched calibration and deuterated internal standards ensured high accuracy (80%–100%) and precision (relative standard deviation < 18%) of the analysis. The developed method was validated and successfully tested in the analyses of real loamy soil samples polluted with rocket fuel.

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Simultaneous Analysis of Formaldehyde and Methanol Emissions During Curing Reactions of Polyester-melamine Coatings

Rippatha,

Schwarzinger

2024

Chromatographia

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This paper introduces a new derivatization agent for the simultaneous quantification of formaldehyde and methanol during curing reactions of complex organic coatings. Formaldehyde emitted from a polyester-melamine coating is derivatized in a gas phase reaction with unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) to form formaldehyde dimethylhydrazone (FDMH). UDMH and FDMH tend to degrade at temperatures above 200 °C rather fast. The applicability of derivatization agent and analyte as well as their degradation products are therefore discussed thoroughly. In this method curing temperatures of 150 °C with incubation times between 0.1 and 60 min are used to trigger crosslinking reactions. The emissions of formaldehyde and methanol are continuously quantified with headspace gas chromatography to obtain an emission trend. While one of the main sources of formaldehyde is the demethylolation during crosslinking, methanol is produced via hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) deetherification and as a condensation byproduct. The emission monitoring shows a high potential for comparative and mechanistic investigations. Results show good repeatability with low standard deviations (< 7%) with a quantification limit of 2.09 µg for formaldehyde and 2.08 µg for methanol.

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Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine transformation products: A review

Cited by 6 publications

References 174 publications

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) exposure to zebrafish embryos causes lethal and severe teratogenic effects

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) exposure to zebrafish embryos causes lethal and severe teratogenic effects

Analysis of nitrogen‐containing rocket fuel transformation products in loamy soil by thermal desorption gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

Simultaneous Analysis of Formaldehyde and Methanol Emissions During Curing Reactions of Polyester-melamine Coatings

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