Unsuspected, Unusual and Little Known Factors in Water Supply Quality

Hansen, Paul

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1932.tb18172.x

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Although there are numerous, well‐documented instances in which cross‐connections have contaminated drinking water and produced illness, fire sprinkler systems have not been clearly implicated 1 . Documented cross‐connection effects of fire services date back to 1903, when backflow occurred in Lowell, Mass., during a firefighting operation; the cross‐connection caused an outbreak of disease and deaths resulted 2 . Preventive measures developed to safeguard against fire cross‐connections include the use of additional check valves on fire sprinkler lines to prevent the introduction of contaminants into the drinking water supply.…”

Section: Previous Studies Have Answered Some Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet‐pipe fire sprinklers and water quality

Duranceau¹,

Poole²,

Foster³

1999

Journal AWWA

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Class 2 wet-pipe fire sprinkler system s. Th is in vestigation evalu ated th e water qu ality in Class 1 an d Class 2 wet-pipe fire sprin kler system s to determ in e wh eth er firesprin kler system s pose a pu blic h ealth h azard an d evalu ated th e effectiven ess of retrofittin g th ese system s with backflow preven tion assem blies based on cost-ben efit an d risk con sideration s. Previous studies have answered some questionsHave fire sprinklers caused cross-connections? Alth ou gh th ere are n u m erou s, well-docu m en ted in stan ces in wh ich cross-con n ection s h ave con tam in ated drin kin g water an d produ ced illn ess, fire sprin kler system s h ave n ot been clearly im plicated. 1 Docum en ted cross-con n ection effects of fire services date back to 1903, wh en backflow occu rred in Lowell, Mass., du rin g a firefigh tin g operation ; th e crosscon n ection cau sed an ou tbreak of disease an d death s resu lted. 2 Preven tive m easu res developed to safegu ard again st fire crosscon n ection s in clu de th e u se of addition al ch eck valves on fire sprin kler lin es to preven t th e in trodu ction of con tam in an ts in to th e drin kin g water su pply. Of 398 backflow in ciden ts reported sin ce 1900, 4.3 percen t (17) are assu m ed to h ave in volved backflow of wetpipe fire sprin kler system s in to potable water lin es. 3,4 Is water in fire sprinkler systems potable? Man y stu dies of th e qu ality of fire sprin kler water h ave been perform ed by variou s m u n icipal water pu rveyors, bu t few are form ally pu blish ed or docu m en ted. As an example, in 1975 th e City of Portlan d (Ore.) Bu reau of Water Works an alyzed th e water in eigh t sprin kler system s th at h ad been in stalled between 1926 an d 1964. 5 Sam ples were collected from th e in spector's test con n ection . All samples exceeded drin kin g water stan dards for lead (Pb), iron (Fe), an d tu rbidity. Som e of th e sam ples exceeded Charlotte-Mecklenburg

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Section: Previous Studies Have Answered Some Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%