Unsteady evolution of the two-phase flow in sparkling wine tasting and the subsequent role of glass shape

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a Tool for Investigating Self-Organized Ascending Bubble-Driven Flow Patterns in Champagne Glasses

“…In recent years, laser tomography and PIV techniques have been used to highlight the self-organized ascending bubble-driven flow patterns in various laser-etched champagne glasses. Previous experiments revealed that the overall flow patterns found in glasses mainly depends on glass shape combined with the intensity of the central bubbly flow (and therefore on the level of dissolved CO 2 found in champagne) [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Moreover, and most interestingly, in a standard laser-etched coupe filled with champagne, self-organized and counter-rotating two-dimensional convective cells were also unveiled at the air/champagne interface [45].…”

“…The computational domain defined for the 2D CFD approach is shown in Figure 2a, whereas the 3D sketch of the glass, as determined for the 3D CFD approach, is shown in Figure 2b. In previous works, laser tomography techniques revealed the axisymmetric behavior of the swirling flow found in such laser-etched champagne glasses [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Hence, a 2D axisymmetric model can be used and only half of the fluid domain can be considered, thus strongly limiting the computation cost.…”

“…In previous works, laser tomography techniques revealed the axisymmetric behavior of the swirling flow found in such laser-etched champagne glasses [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Hence, a 2D axisymmetric model can be used and only half of the fluid domain can be considered, thus strongly limiting the computation cost.…”

“…In light of all of this, a large body of research has been developed in the past 15 years to investigate the interplay between ascending bubbles, glass shape and flow patterns, and their combined action on the overall sensation perceived by champagne tasters. Laser tomography coupled with particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques were used in order to visualize the three-dimensional (3D) flow patterns forced by an ascending bubbly flow in the bulk of various laser-etched champagne glasses [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Recently, infrared thermography imaging was also coupled with PIV to unveil the close interplay between flow patterns found in champagne glasses and the release of gas-phase CO 2 from the champagne surface [ 18 ].…”