This study examines the effects of a father and mother's human and social capital on the income of their children (progeny) in China using the 2014 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey. The results indicate that: 1) the effects of the human and social capital of the father and mother on the progeny's income are heterogeneous. Specifically, the father's education, the nature of father's household registration (hukou), and the nature of the mother's household registration have little effect on their progeny's income. However, the mother's education has a positive and significant effect on progeny's income. 2) The effect of the mother's education on her progeny's income, although significant, is limited, and on average the marginal contribution of the mother's education on the natural logarithm of the progeny's income is only 1.1%.3) The progeny's own human capital, such as health, education, foreign language ability, and professional ability, significantly affects his or her income. 4) The results obtained from quantile regression and sub-sample regression with different age cohorts support the above findings. Therefore, the effective means of intervening against the intergenerational transmission of poverty should be to help the progeny improve their human capital, rather than starting with their parents.