Unsaturated Polyester Resins

Fink, Johannes Karl

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814509-8.00001-4

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…where ( / ) is the calibration factor for the samples which is given as The critical strain energy release rate ( IC ) was obtained using (6) where is Young's modulus calculated from the tensile tests (MPa) and V is Poisson's ratio of the polyester, taken to be 0.35. Hence,…”

Section: Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bottles, vessels, and pipes are some of the common applications where seawater contact is unavoidable and can lead to the loss of inherent mechanical properties [3]. Unsaturated polyester (UP) resins are widely used in boat components, pipes, tanks, building panels, and automobiles due to their ease in processing, low viscosity, and relatively high chemical and corrosion resistance [4][5][6]. The formation of a three-dimensional cross-linking structure in UP from free-radical copolymerization between low molar mass that possesses several covalent C=C bonds and the styrene produced localised plastic deformation in front of the crack tip, which leads to brittle failure [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Degradation of Mechanical Properties in Halloysite Nanoclay-Polyester Nanocomposites Exposed in Seawater Environment

Saharudin

Wei

Shyha

2016

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Polyester based polymers are extensively used in aggressive marine environments; however, inadequate data is available on the effects of the seawater on the polyester based nanocomposites mechanical properties. This paper reports the effect of seawater absorption on the mechanical properties degradation of halloysite nanoclay-polyester nanocomposites. Results confirmed that the addition of halloysite nanoclay into polyester matrix was found to increase seawater uptake and reduce mechanical properties compared to monolithic polyester. The maximum decreases in microhardness, tensile and flexural properties, and impact toughness were observed in case of 1 wt% nanoclay. The microhardness decreased from 107 HV to 41.7 HV (61% decrease). Young’s modulus decreased from 0.6 GPa to 0.4 GPa (33% decrease). The flexural modulus decreased from 0.6 GPa to 0.34 GPa (43% decrease). The impact toughness dropped from 0.71 kJ/m2to 0.48 kJ/m2(32% decrease). Interestingly, the fracture toughnessKICincreased with the addition of halloysite nanoclay due to the plasticization effect of the resin matrix. SEM images revealed the significant reduction in mechanical properties in case of 1 wt% reinforcement which is attributed to the degradation of the nanoclay-matrix interface influenced by seawater absorption and agglomeration of halloysite nanoclay.

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Section: Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Degradation of Mechanical Properties in Halloysite Nanoclay-Polyester Nanocomposites Exposed in Seawater Environment

Saharudin

Wei

Shyha

2016

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…The ANOVA for the second-order model for equations (6) to (9) has been presented in Tables 9 to 12. It is observed that the model p-values from Tables 9 to 12 are significant.…”

Section: Sum Of Squares Dfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Sisal has replaced asbestos, which is used in the brake pads, and it is also used to make household materials and locomotive parts. [9][10][11] The flax also termed "Linen," which is obtained from the plant named "Linum usitatissimum," and it has good shining property and long durability. The unique property of the flax fibers is that it is one of the strongest bast natural fiber, and it has low density, high cellulose, and better mechanical property than other bast group fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drilling and mechanical performance analysis on flax-sisal hybrid composite embedded with perforated aluminum foil

Rajamurugan

Agrawal

Krishnasamy

et al. 2020

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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This paper focused on the investigation of mechanical, twist drilling performance and microstructural analysis in aluminum foil reinforced sisal flax epoxy composite. Six combinations of composite (SF1–SF6) were fabricated by hand layup method with two different orientation of circular (φ = 5 mm) geometrical patterns in aluminum foil (thickness 0.024 mm) as structural reinforcement. The mechanical properties were determined by the tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness investigation with ASTM test specimens. The machinability of the composites was studied through twist drilling operation (8 mm), and the drilling experiments were designed by the design expert 11.0. The analysis was performed on a CNC milling machine (VF-30 CNC VS) vertical milling center with the different process parameters like spindle speed (500–2000 r/min), feed rate (0.05–0.25 mm/min), and hole pitch (20, 40, and 60 mm) in sliding dry environments at room temperature. The fractured composite samples were examined through a scanning electron microscope to determine the fiber pullout, deboning, and voids between the reinforcement and matrix. The obtained results were shown that the sample with 45° staggered hole with 60 mm hole pitch (SF6) composite holds the excellent mechanical properties like tensile strength (31 MPa), flexural strength (76 MPa), impact strength (1.5 J), and hardness value (23 VHN) compared to other combinations. The effect of hole pitch and spindle speed significantly affects the circularity error.

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“…For example, if a concrete mixture consists of approximately 30% sand, when 10% of this aggregate is replaced by plastic waste and assuming an annual production of approximately 20 billion tons, approximately 800 million tons of sand could be saved per year [ 16 ]. Researches in this field, carried out in many scientific centers in the world, are highly recommended, because they lead to obtaining concretes with various properties, depending on many features of the waste material, including the type of plastic, size and shape of particles, degree of substitution [ 17 , 18 ]. At the same time, at this point it is worth pointing out that not every application of concrete elements is a structural one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Epoxy Mortars Made with Polyethylene and Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste

Dębska

Silva

2021

Materials

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The article describes the results of a study to determine the simultaneous effect of polyethylene terephthalate waste (PET) and polyethylene (PE) on the strength characteristics and bulk density of epoxy mortars. In these mortars, 9 wt.% of the polymer binder was replaced by glycolysate which was made from PET waste and propylene glycol. Additionally, 0–10 vol.% of the aggregate was substituted with PE agglomerate made from plastic bags waste, respectively. The modification of the composition of epoxy mortar has a special environmental and economic aspect. It also allows to protect natural sources of the aggregate, while reducing the amount of waste and reducing problems arising from the need to store them. The resulting composite has very good strength properties. With the substitution of 9 wt.% of resin and 5 vol.% of sand, a flexural strength of 35.7 MPa and a compressive strength of 101.1 MPa was obtained. The results of the microstructure study of the obtained mortars constitute a significant part of the paper.

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Unsaturated Polyester Resins

Cited by 5 publications

References 198 publications

The Degradation of Mechanical Properties in Halloysite Nanoclay-Polyester Nanocomposites Exposed in Seawater Environment

The Degradation of Mechanical Properties in Halloysite Nanoclay-Polyester Nanocomposites Exposed in Seawater Environment

Drilling and mechanical performance analysis on flax-sisal hybrid composite embedded with perforated aluminum foil

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Epoxy Mortars Made with Polyethylene and Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste

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