Unsaturated Polyester Resins

Updegraff, Ivor H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7139-1_2

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…He also introduced the moulding process and use for production of these polymers, for which he got a patent. Some important thermoset polymers and their year of discovery are listed below [10][11][12]:…”

Section: Historical Background Of Thermoset Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Thermoset Composites

Ahmad

2018

Thermoset Composites

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Conductive thermoset composites (CTC) have gained much attention among scientists and technologists due to their excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. These properties of CTC make them a superior candidate in various applications like EMI shielding, anti-corrosive coatings, electronic packaging, LED's, etc. In view of this, the present chapter highlights the significance of CTC along with the historical background of some important thermoset polymers, different types of CTC and their methods of synthesis. In addition to this, the applications of CTC are described. Moreover, the problems associated with CTC and their solutions are discussed in detail.

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Section: Historical Background Of Thermoset Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Thermoset Composites

Ahmad

2018

Thermoset Composites

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“…Updegraff used a filtration model to describe the relationship between bacteria migration and pore entrance size. 8 Jenneman et al established the relationship between permeability and bacteria penetration using modified filtration theory. 9 Knapp et al modeled the growth and migration of bacteria in porous formations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on MEOR simulation and modeling began in the 1980s. Updegraff used a filtration model to describe the relationship between bacteria migration and pore entrance size . Jenneman et al established the relationship between permeability and bacteria penetration using modified filtration theory .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Model and Numerical Simulation of Microbial Growth, Migration, and Oil Displacement in Reservoir Porous Media

Yao

Meng

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is a potential tertiary oil recovery method. However, past research has failed to describe microbial growth and metabolism reasonably, especially quantification of reaction equations and operating parameters is still not clear. The present study investigated the ability of bacteria extracted from Ansai Oilfield for MEOR. Through core flooding experiments, bacteria-treated experiments produced approximately 6.28–9.81% higher oil recovery than control experiments. Then, the microbial reaction kinetic model was established based on laboratory experimental data and mass conservation. Furthermore, the proposed model was validated by matching core flooding experiment results. Lastly, the effects of different injection parameters on bacteria growth, bacteria migration, metabolite migration, residual oil distribution, and oil recovery were studied by establishing a field-scale model. The results indicate that the injected bacteria concentration and nutrient concentration have a great influence on bacteria growth in a reservoir and the low nutrient concentration seriously restricts bacteria growth. Compared with the injected bacteria concentration, nutrient concentration has a decisive effect on bacteria and metabolite migration. The injected bacteria concentration has little effect on oil recovery, while nutrient concentration and slug volume have a significant effect on oil recovery.

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“…For UPE production, phthalic and maleic anhydrides or their free acids are the mostly used anhydrides and ethylene glycol and propylene glycols are typically used glycols. Depending on the application areas, the ratio of these constituents in unsaturated polyesters can be adjusted [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite its usefulness, synthesis of UPE is not easy. During the production of UPEs, starting temperature is typically around 100 ∘ C and then the temperature is raised to 180-240 ∘ C for 16-20 hours [1][2][3][4][5]. Since high temperature is required in the reaction, it needs high energy consumption which is the disadvantage of the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Linkable Epoxidized Maleinated Castor Oil: A Renewable Resin Alternative to Unsaturated Polyesters

Şahin

Çaylı

Cavusoglu

et al. 2016

International Journal of Polymer Science

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As an alternative resin to conventional synthetic unsaturated polyesters (UPEs), epoxidized maleinated castor oil (EMACO) was synthesized in two steps. For this purpose, castor oil was reacted with maleic anhydride at 70°C to obtain maleinated castor oil (MACO). Then, epoxidation of MACO was carried out by using a mixture of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide at 0–5°C. Then, the free carboxyl groups of the synthesized EMACO were further reacted with free epoxide groups of EMACO at 90°C. At the end of the reaction, an unsaturated polyester precursor-prepolymer was obtained (P-EMACO). FTIR and1H NMR spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the monomers synthesized. The P-EMACO was then mixed with styrene and cross-linked in the presence of AIBN at 50°C. Thermal and mechanical properties of the final cross-linked product were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) techniques. The degradation onset temperature of the material at which cross-linked X-EMACO loses 5% of its weight was found to be 209°C. Its dynamicTgand storage modulus at 25°C were determined as 72°C and 1.08 GPa, respectively. These results are higher than some of the different oil based polymers reported in the literature.

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Unsaturated Polyester Resins

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Conductive Thermoset Composites

Conductive Thermoset Composites

Kinetic Model and Numerical Simulation of Microbial Growth, Migration, and Oil Displacement in Reservoir Porous Media

Cross-Linkable Epoxidized Maleinated Castor Oil: A Renewable Resin Alternative to Unsaturated Polyesters

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