Unsaturated free fatty acids inactivate animal enveloped viruses

Kohn, Alexander; Gitelman, Janina; Inbar, Michael

doi:10.1007/bf01320626

Cited by 97 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Fatty acids and fatty acid-containing molecules were found to inactivate enveloped viruses, HSV-1 included, by disintegrating the virus lipid envelope (Horowitz et al, 1988;Kohn et al, 1980;Thormar et al, 1987). On the other hand, Hilmarsson et al (2005) observed that the acidic environment makes HSV more sensitive to certain virucidal lipids (fatty alcohols and lipids), possibly by ionic changes in the envelope proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Herpesvirus Activities of Pseudomonas sp. S-17 Rhamnolipid and its Complex with Alginate

Remichkova

Galabova

Roeva

et al. 2008

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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The rhamnolipid biosurfactant PS-17 and its complex with the polysaccharide alginate, both produced by the Pseudomonas sp. S-17 strain, were studied for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2. They significantly inhibited the herpesvirus cytopathic effect (CPE) in the Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line. The investigations were carried out according to the CPE inhibition assay protocol. The suppressive effect of the compounds on HSV replication was dose-dependent and occurred at concentrations lower than the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of rhamnolipid PS-17 was 14.5 μg/ml against HSV-1 and 13 μg/ml against HSV-2. The IC 50 values of the complex were 435 μg/ml for HSV-1 and 482 μg/ml for HSV-2. The inhibitory effects of the substances were confirmed by measuring the infectious virus yields with the multicycle virus growth experimental design as well: Δlog CCID 50 of 1.84Ð2.0 against the two types of herpes simplex viruses by rhamnolipid PS-17 (20 μg/ml), and a strong reduction of the HSV-2 virus yield under the effect of the alginate complex at a concentration of 450 μg/ml. The results indicate that rhamnolipid PS-17 and its alginate complex may be considered as promising substances for the development of anti-herpetic compounds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Herpesvirus Activities of Pseudomonas sp. S-17 Rhamnolipid and its Complex with Alginate

Remichkova

Galabova

Roeva

et al. 2008

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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“…Fatty acids are well-known antimicrobial substances with activity in vitro against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (22)(23)(24)(25)(26), fungi (27,28), and enveloped viruses, including influenza (29)(30)(31) (34,35) showed that staphylococci, streptococci, and candida rapidly decreased in number after being deposited on normal skin, whereas acetone-washed skin allowed greater persistence of the microorganisms. When skin surface acetone extracts were replaced on washed skin, the increased bacterial counts were not seen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the extracellular bactericidal factors of rat alveolar lining material.

Coonrod¹,

Lester²,

Hsu³

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

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Abstract. The surfactant fraction (55,000-g pellet) of leukocyte-free rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contains factors that rapidly kill and lyse pneumococci. These factors were purified and identified biochemically by using a quantitative bactericidal test to monitor fractionation procedures. 91% of the antipneumococcal activity of rat surfactant was recovered in chloroform after extraction of rat surfactant with chloroform-methanol (Bligh-Dyer procedure). After chromatography on silicic acid with chloroform, acetone, and methanol, all detectable antibacterial activity (-80% of the initial activity) eluted with the neutral lipids in chloroform. When rechromatographed on silicic acid with hexane, hexane-chloroform, and chloroform, the antibacterial activity eluted with FFA. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) established that the antibacterial activity was confined to the FFA fraction. Gas-liquid chromatography showed that the fatty acid fraction contained a mixture of long-chain FFA (C12 to C22) of which 66.7% were saturated and 32.4% were unsaturated. The quantity of TLC-purified FFA needed to kill 50% of 108 pneumococci under standardized conditions (one bactericidal unit) was 10.6±0.5 Ag. Purified FFA acted as detergents, causing release of [3H]choline from pneumococcal cell walls and increased bacterial cell membrane permeability, evidenced by rapid unloading of 3-0-[3H]methyl-Dglucose. FFA acting as detergents appear to account for the bactericidal and bacteriolytic activity of rat pulmonary surfactant for pneumococci.

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“…Hydrolyzed linseed oil, which contains 52% ALA and pure ALA were found to be capable of killing methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus [21]. Both LA and AA were reported to inactivate animal herpes, influenza, Sendai, and Sindbis virus within minutes of contact [22]. LA administered orally as safflower oil (which contains 76% LA) produced remission of mycosis fungoides, a rare skin disease of viral etiology, in dogs that correlated with an increase in the plasma levels of LA and AA [23].…”

Section: Pufas Have Anti-bacterial Anti-viral Anti-fungal and Antimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the light of these facts, it will be interesting to study whether a sub-clinical deficiency of LCPUFAs, decreased formation of LXs and resolvins occurs in subjects who develop various types of infections and their complications such as sepsis. Since, LCPUFAs can inactivate enveloped viruses including influenza [22,33], it is probably worthwhile to study the effect of various fatty acids on bird flu virus and if so, whether increased intake of these fatty acids could reduce the risk of flu.…”

Section: Pufas Have Anti-bacterial Anti-viral Anti-fungal and Antimentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Fatty Acids - A Review

Das¹

2006

CPB

342

208

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Essential fatty acids (EFAs): cis-linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are essential for humans and their deficiency is rare in humans due to their easy availability in diet. EFAs are metabolized to their respective long-chain metabolites: dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA) from LA; and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from ALA. Some of these long-chain metabolites form precursors to respective prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs), lipoxins (LXs) and resolvins. EFAs and their metabolites may function as endogenous angiotensin converting enzyme and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, nitric oxide enhancers, anti-hypertensives, and anti-atherosclerotic molecules. EFAs react with nitric oxide (NO) to yield respective nitroalkene derivatives that have cell-signaling actions via ligation and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). In several diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, alcoholism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer the metabolism of EFAs is altered. Thus, EFAs and their derivatives have significant clinical implications.

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Unsaturated free fatty acids inactivate animal enveloped viruses

Cited by 97 publications

References 18 publications

Anti-Herpesvirus Activities of Pseudomonas sp. S-17 Rhamnolipid and its Complex with Alginate

Anti-Herpesvirus Activities of Pseudomonas sp. S-17 Rhamnolipid and its Complex with Alginate

Characterization of the extracellular bactericidal factors of rat alveolar lining material.

Essential Fatty Acids - A Review

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