Unruh and Cherenkov Radiation from a Negative Frequency Perspective

Svidzinsky, Anatoly A.; Azizi, Arash; Ben-Benjamin, J.; Scully, Marlan O.; Unruh, W. G.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.126.063603

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…(4), ( 5) and ( 9) yield that at the BH center the non-zero Rindler mode φ 2Ω oscillates as a function of t as φ 2Ω ∝ e iΩct/2rg . That is, from the observer's perspective the Rindler photons behave as if they have negative frequency −Ωc/2r g [19]. Hence, in the Unruh vacuum, there is a flux of the negative frequency (energy) Rindler photons into the BH center.…”

Section: Hawking Radiation From a Negative Frequency Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we show that if the emission-absorption symmetry is broken, quantum mechanics predicts that radiation of an evaporating BH is nonthermal and it carries information about the state of matter in the BH interior. Next we briefly discuss the physics of Hawking radiation from a negative frequency perspective [19]. Absorption of Rindler photons φ2 at the boundary reduces BH mass and leads to BH evaporation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonthermal radiation of evaporating black holes

Svidzinsky

2023

Preprint

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Black hole (BH) evaporation is caused by creation of entangled particle-antiparticle pairs near the event horizon, with one carrying positive energy to infinity and the other carrying negative energy into the BH. Since under the event horizon, particles always move toward the BH center, they can only be absorbed but not emitted at the center. This breaks absorption-emission symmetry and, as a result, annihilation of the particle at the BH center is described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We show that due to entanglement between photons moving inside and outside the event horizon, non-unitary absorption of the negative energy photons near the BH center, alters the outgoing radiation. As a result, radiation of the evaporating BH is not thermal, it carries information about BH interior and entropy is preserved during evaporation.

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Section: Hawking Radiation From a Negative Frequency Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonthermal radiation of evaporating black holes

Svidzinsky

2023

Preprint

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“…( 23), the parameter θ g , as defined by Eq. (15), characterizes the amount of particles that can be found in the mode g, h Ng i ¼ hâ † g âg i. Since no actual particles are supposed to be found in the vacuum state (it is, after all, the ground state of all the quantum harmonic oscillators that compose the field), any nonzero expectation value of the particle number operator, h Ng i, can be attributed to virtual particles.…”

Section: B Properties Of a Subcycle Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two-level atomic or artificial-atom systems are potential physical embodiments of the theoretical UDW detector [15]. Some ground-breaking experiments have managed to make considerable advances in this regard, by either effectively controlling the (slowly varying) time-dependent coupling between the system and a resonator [16] or another artificial atom [17], or even by rapidly switching on such coupling through subcycle activation of electronic quantum wells in an optical cavity [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing a rapidly switched Unruh-DeWitt detector through electro-optic sampling of the electromagnetic vacuum

et al. 2022

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A new theoretical framework to describe the experimental advances in electro-optic detection of broadband quantum states, specifically the quantum vacuum, is devised. Electro-optic sampling is a technique in ultrafast photonics which, when transferred into the quantum domain, can be utilized to resolve properties of a sampled quantum state via its interaction with a strong coherent probe pulse at ultrafast timescales. By making use of fundamental concepts from quantum field theory on spacetime metrics, the nonlinear interaction behind the electro-optic effect is shown to be equivalent to a stationary Unruh-DeWitt detector coupled to a conjugate field during a very short time interval. When the coupling lasts for a time interval comparable to the oscillation periods of the detected field mode (i.e., the subcycle regime), virtual particles inhabiting the field vacuum are transferred to the detector in the form of real excitation. We demonstrate that this behavior can be rigorously translated to the scenario of electro-optic sampling of the quantum vacuum, in which the (spectrally filtered) probe works as an Unruh-DeWitt detector, with its interaction-generated photons arising from virtual particles inhabiting the electromagnetic vacuum. Our analysis accurately encapsulates the quantum nature of the vacuum, and we propose the specific working regime in which we can experimentally verify the existence of virtual photons with quantum correlations in the electromagnetic ground state.

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“…This phenomenon, usually referred to as the Ginzburg effect [19,20], can be regarded as a quantum analog to Cherenkov radiation [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] and is related to quantum friction [17,[30][31][32].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum radiation in dielectric media with dispersion and dissipation

2020

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As a quantum analog of Cherenkov radiation, an inertial photon detector moving through a medium with constant refractive index n may perceive the electromagnetic quantum fluctuations as real photons if its velocity v exceeds the medium speed of light c/n. For dispersive Hopfield type media, we find this Ginzburg effect to extend to much lower v because the phase velocity of light is very small near the medium resonance. In this regime, however, dissipation effects become important. Via an extended Hopfield model, we present a consistent treatment of quantum fluctuations in dispersive and dissipative media and derive the Ginzburg effect in such systems. Finally, we propose an experimental test.

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Unruh and Cherenkov Radiation from a Negative Frequency Perspective

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Nonthermal radiation of evaporating black holes

Nonthermal radiation of evaporating black holes

Realizing a rapidly switched Unruh-DeWitt detector through electro-optic sampling of the electromagnetic vacuum

Quantum radiation in dielectric media with dispersion and dissipation

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