Unripe Rubus occidentalis, Ellagic Acid, and Urolithin A Attenuate Inflammatory Responses in IL-1β-Stimulated A549 Cells and PMA-Stimulated Differentiated HL-60 Cells
Soojin Kim,
Jiyeon Kim,
Youngcheon Song
et al.
Abstract:Unripe Rubus occidentalis (uRO) contains various natural polyphenols with beneficial physiological activities and is particularly rich in ellagic acid (EA). EA has ameliorated type 2 inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in animal models of eosinophilic asthma. EA is metabolized by the gut microbiota to urolithin A (UA), which exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. However, it remains unclear whether uRO, EA, and UA reduce inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in respiratory epithelial cells and ne… Show more
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