Unravelling the Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Social Defeat Stress on Use of Drugs of Abuse

Montagud‐Romero, Sandra; Miñarro, José; Rodrı́guez-Arias, Marta

doi:10.1007/7854_2021_260

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 169 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Psychosocial mechanisms are a result of the interaction between people's social environment and their feelings: living on low income is stressful, and at the same time people in disadvantaged situations may have fewer resources to cope with difficult circumstances. Increasingly, biological research is providing evidence showing how experiences such as social defeat can "get under the skin" causing biochemical changes in the body and brain and increasing the risk of developing mental health problems 59,60 . Other contributing factors to the relation between poverty and mental illness are the negative health behaviors that are more prevalent in socially disadvantaged groups 61 , likely as a consequence of the higher cost of healthy behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of poverty on mental illness: Emerging evidence of a causal relationship

Marchi,

Alkema,

Xia

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: The link between poverty and mental illness has sparked discussions about the role of poverty as a risk factor for mental health. If poverty is indeed confirmed as a causal factor for mental illness, it would have profound implications for our comprehension of mental well-being and guide efforts to address the growing occurrence of mental health disorders. Methods: Building on the recent breakthrough discovery of heritability of poverty traits and utilizing large-scale genome-wide association studies of mental illness, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) and Genomic structural equation modeling to investigate evidence of causality of the relationship between poverty and mental illness. We examined nine distinct mental disorders, namely attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anorexia nervosa (AN), anxiety disorders (ANX), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia (SZ). Joint measures of poverty derived from household income (HI), occupational income (OI), and social deprivation (SD) were examined while accounting for the influence of cognitive ability (CA). Results: Our analysis highlights HI as the most pertinent poverty measure when compared to OI and SD. Bidirectional MR investigations of the poverty common factor was consistent with the existing paradigm that mental illness leads to poverty. New was evidence that poverty increases the likelihood of developing ADHD (Inverse Variance Weighted Odds Ratio [IVW OR]=4.26[95%CI:3.42-5.29]), MDD (IVW OR=1.49[95%CI:1.29-1.72]), and SZ (IVW OR=1.53[95%CI:1.35-1.73]), while decreasing the risk of AN (IVW OR=0.50[95%CI:0.40-0.62]). This support for a causal relation held strong after adjusting for CA, albeit with reduced effect sizes. Conclusion: Our research indicates that poverty plays a causal role in the development of SZ, MDD, and ADHD, while resulted inversely associated to risk of AN. Notably, CA explains a significant portion of the impact of poverty, echoing prior reports highlighting the contribution of impaired cognitive function to severe mental illnesses. Given that income and education are malleable factors in the population, our study provides compelling evidence to examine income-based policies as a means of promoting better mental health outcomes in the population. This underscores the importance of developing targeted interventions that address the root causes of mental illness and advance health equity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of poverty on mental illness: Emerging evidence of a causal relationship

Marchi,

Alkema,

Xia

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In situations of chronic inflammation, either due to chronic stress or repeated drug use, the induction of stress hormones will produce neuroadaptations that increase the hedonic response to different drugs of abuse [54][55][56]. Finally, this theory would help to explain part of the individual vulnerability to addiction.…”

Section: New Approaches To the Study Of The Addictive Process: Neuroi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, cytokines can enhance the activity of the stress axis by facilitating the release of CRF, subsequently directly amplifying dopaminergic function in the reward circuit (see Figure 3). In situations of chronic inflammation, either due to chronic stress or repeated drug use, the induction of stress hormones will produce neuroadaptations that increase the hedonic response to different drugs of abuse [54][55][56]. Finally, this theory would help to explain part of the individual vulnerability to addiction.…”

Section: New Approaches To the Study Of The Addictive Process: Neuroi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Theories of Addiction: A Comprehensive Review

Ferrer-Pérez,

Montagud-Romero,

Blanco-Gandía

2024

Psychoactives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is essential to develop theories and models that enable us to understand addiction’s genesis and maintenance, providing a theoretical and empirical framework for designing more effective interventions. Numerous clinical and preclinical research studies have investigated the various brain and physiological mechanisms involved in addictive behavior. Some researchers have gone a step further, developing what we may refer to as “neurobiological theories of addiction”, which are scientific models that can explain and predict different addiction phenomena. Many of these neurobiological theories are not mutually exclusive but rather extensions and refinements of earlier theories. They all share a similar definition of addiction as a chronic disease characterized by a loss of control over substance consumption, with the brain being identified as the principal organ involved. Most propose a multifactorial causation in which both biological and environmental factors interact, accentuating or causing neurobiological dysfunction in structures and brain circuits involved in behavior and motivation. This review delves into primary neurobiological theories of addiction, commencing with the opponent-process theory—one of the earliest comprehensive explanations of the addictive process. Subsequently, we explore more contemporary formulations connecting behavioral alterations in the addictive process to changes and disruptions in various brain systems.

show abstract

“…As already discussed this scoping review is limited by a reduced number of studies addressing cytokines simultaneously at central and peripheral levels and by methodology differences. However, it is also important to highlight that drug users are highly heterogenous populations, not always sufficiently characterized, and most likely suffering from stress and mood disorders that can also affect the cytokine profile and impact on the data reported (Montagud-Romero et al, 2022). Sex differences can also strongly affect cytokine profiles, which was not explored.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of psychostimulants on central and peripheral neuro-immune regulation: a scoping review of cytokine profiles and their implications for addiction

Bravo

Magalhães

Andrade

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is now well-accepted that psychostimulants act on glial cells causing neuroinflammation and adding to the neurotoxic effects of such substances. Neuroinflammation can be described as an inflammatory response, within the CNS, mediated through several cytokines, reactive oxygen species, chemokines and other inflammatory markers. These inflammatory players, in particular cytokines, play important roles. Several studies have demonstrated that psychostimulants impact on cytokine production and release, both centrally and at the peripheral level. Nevertheless, the available data is often contradictory. Because understanding how cytokines are modulated by psychoactive substances seems crucial to perspective successful therapeutic interventions, here, we conducted a scoping review of the available literature. We have focused on how different psychostimulants impact on the cytokine profile. Publications were grouped according to the substance addressed (methamphetamine, cocaine, methylphenidate, MDMA or other amphetamines), the type of exposure and period of evaluation (acute, short- or long-term exposure, withdrawal, and reinstatement). Studies were further divided in those addressing central cytokines, circulating (peripheral) levels, or both. Our analysis showed that the classical pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were those more investigated. The majority of studies have reported increased levels of these cytokines in the central nervous system after acute or repeated drug. However, studies investigating cytokine levels during withdrawal or reinstatement have shown higher variability in their findings. Although we have identified fewer studies addressing circulating cytokines in humans, the available data suggest that the results may be more robust in animal models than in patients with problematic drug use. As a major conclusion, an extensive use of arrays for relevant cytokines should be considered to better determine which cytokines, upon the classical ones, may be involved in the progression from episodic use to the development of addiction. A concerted effort is still necessary to address the link between peripheral and central immune players, including from a longitudinal perspective. Until there, the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to envision personalized immune-based therapeutics will continue to be unlikely.

show abstract

Unravelling the Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Social Defeat Stress on Use of Drugs of Abuse

Cited by 5 publications

References 169 publications

The impact of poverty on mental illness: Emerging evidence of a causal relationship

The impact of poverty on mental illness: Emerging evidence of a causal relationship

Neurobiological Theories of Addiction: A Comprehensive Review

The impact of psychostimulants on central and peripheral neuro-immune regulation: a scoping review of cytokine profiles and their implications for addiction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About