Unravelling the mystery of Chinese building lifetime: A calibration and verification based on dynamic material flow analysis

Cao, Zhi; Liu, Gang; Duan, Huabo; Xi, Fengming; Liu, Guiwen; Yang, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.106

Cited by 52 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Notably, a substantial part of new construction in China takes place within the existing urban areas of cities through renewal and redevelopment, densifying and aiming to increase city attractiveness and economic vitality (Z. Han, Long, Wang, & Hou, 2019). Recent research points out that rapid, ubiquitous redevelopment results in extremely short building lifespans of only 20–40 years in Chinese cities (Cai, Wan, Jiang, Wang, & Lin, 2015; Cao et al., 2019; Deng, Chen, & Liu, 2017; J. Wang, Zhang, & Wang, 2018). Urban renewal changes urban morphology and function, inevitably dictating material stock and flow dynamics (C. A. Kennedy et al., 2015; Reyna & Chester, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban development and sustainability challenges chronicled by a century of construction material flows and stocks in Tiexi, China

Guo

Fishman

Yao

et al. 2020

J of Industrial Ecology

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Construction materials are considerable forces of global environmental impacts, but their dynamics vis‐à‐vis urban development are poorly documented, in part because their long lifespans require elusive and sometimes nonexistent decade‐long high‐resolution data. This study analyzes the construction material flow and stock trends that shaped and were shaped by the development, decline, and renewal of the Tiexi district of Shenyang, a microcosm of China's urban transformations since the early 20th century. Chronicling building‐by‐building the material flows and stock accumulations involved in the buildup of this area, we shed light on the physical resource context of its socioeconomic history. We find that 42 million tonnes of construction materials were needed to develop the Tiexi district from 1910 to 2018, and 18 million tonnes of material outflows were generated by end‐of‐life building demolition. However, over 55% of inflows and 93% of outflows occurred since 2002 during a complete redevelopment of the district. Only small portions of end‐of‐life materials could have been reused or recycled because of temporal and typological mismatches of supply and demand and technical limitations. Our analysis reveals a dramatic decrease in median building lifetimes to as low as 6 years in the early 21st century. These findings contribute to the discussion of long‐term environmental efficiency and sustainability of societal development through construction and reflect on the challenges of urban renewal processes not only in China but also in other developing and developed countries that lost (or may lose) their traditional economic base and restructure their urban forms. This article met the requirements for a Silver/Silver JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban development and sustainability challenges chronicled by a century of construction material flows and stocks in Tiexi, China

Guo

Fishman

Yao

et al. 2020

J of Industrial Ecology

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“…However, the actual service lifetime of residential buildings is much shorter than the design lifetime in Jinan because of unreasonable urban planning and renewal. There are many studies mentioning that the average lifetime of almost all urban residential buildings is approximately 30–40 years [ 26 , 27 ]. Based on the actual situation of Jinan, the lifetime of the residential buildings with different building structures is assumed in Table 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A System Dynamics Model for Urban Residential Building Stock towards Sustainability: The Case of Jinan, China

Yang

Dang

Sun

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Resource and environmental issues related to urban building systems have recently become a hot research topic in the field of urban environmental management research. Taking Jinan city as an example, this paper establishes a system dynamic model for an urban residential building stock system. The simulated results show that the urban residential building stock will be 1.99 × 108 m2 in 2050; and the annual total demolition buildings will be at 3.36 × 106 m2 in 2082. Policy measures were developed based on four important action fields such as per capita floor area (PCFA), the building structure proportion of new construction, lifetime of the residential building, and the recycling of the C&D waste. Among these approaches, the set of policy measures focusing on the recycling of C&D waste appears to be more effective in reducing environmental and resource impacts than the other three fields. It is also found that the recycling of brick and concrete waste plays a considerable role in reducing environment and resource impacts due to the development of urban residential building stock with the lapse of time.

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“…Recent studies (O'Connor 2004;Aksözen et al, 2017;Cao et al, 2019) demonstrated that actual service lives of buildings can vary significantly from about 20 years to more than 100 years. The sustainability and environmental footprints may require a more robust design life in future design practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Wind Speed for Buildings and Facilities With Non-Standard Design Life in Canadian Wind Climates

2022

Front. Built Environ.

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The design life can be longer than 50 years for critical structures or infrastructures and shorter than 50 years for non-residential structures or construction periods. Some building codes provide methods to derive factors for adjusting the design wind speeds for construction periods. Eurocode 1 provides a probability factor for calculating the design wind speeds for a specific return period regulated for a construction period of less than 1 year. The Australian ABCB Temporary Structures standard provides design wind speed for construction using a different assumption. The ASCE 37 in the USA provides design wind speed reduction factors for a design life less than 5 years by maintaining the probability of exceedance of the factored wind load for 50-year design life the same for a shorter design life. These approaches can result in different results and deserve some comparisons. The present study included another method that maintains the structural reliability of the non-standard design life the same as the structural reliability for the design life of 50 years. The derived factors for a design life shorter than 50 years using these methods were compared considering the Canadian wind climates. The calculated design wind speed adjustment factors for design life longer than 50 years were evaluated using various techniques and compared with the commonly used importance factors. The present study also characterized the directionality and seasonality of the Canadian wind climates.

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Unravelling the mystery of Chinese building lifetime: A calibration and verification based on dynamic material flow analysis

Cited by 52 publications

References 35 publications

Urban development and sustainability challenges chronicled by a century of construction material flows and stocks in Tiexi, China

Urban development and sustainability challenges chronicled by a century of construction material flows and stocks in Tiexi, China

A System Dynamics Model for Urban Residential Building Stock towards Sustainability: The Case of Jinan, China

Design Wind Speed for Buildings and Facilities With Non-Standard Design Life in Canadian Wind Climates

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