“…In situ Raman spectroscopy combined with quantitative FT-IR gas phase analysis was used to elucidate the mechanism of NO 2 storage in ceria [134,135]. As shown in Figure 12c, it allowed identification of nitrites (1292 cm -1 ), free nitrates (726 and 1036 cm -1 ), monodentate nitrates (1248 cm -1 ), bidentate nitrates (1556-1605 cm -1 ) and bridging nitrates (1622 cm -1 ).…”
Section: Environmental Catalysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An enlarged view of the Raman spectra is shown for the regions (b) 200-700 cm −1 , (c) 500-1800 cm −1 , and (d) 3000-4000 cm −1 after normalization by the F 2g intensity to correct absorption effects. Reprinted with permission from[135] Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.…”
A review. CeO 2 is widely used and investigated as an oxide catalyst or support due to its unique redox property of oxygen storage and release. In this paper, the different opportunities offered by Raman spectroscopy for advanced characterization of ceria-based catalysts are reviewed: spectral modifications induced by nanocrystallinity, defects, doping and reduction, identification of supported molecular species, isolated atoms and nanoclusters, characterization of surface modes, hydroxyl groups, reaction intermediates such as peroxo and superoxo species. Finally, in situ/operando studies for environmental catalysis are summarized illustrating Raman spectroscopy as a powerful tool to characterize ceria-based catalysts.
“…In situ Raman spectroscopy combined with quantitative FT-IR gas phase analysis was used to elucidate the mechanism of NO 2 storage in ceria [134,135]. As shown in Figure 12c, it allowed identification of nitrites (1292 cm -1 ), free nitrates (726 and 1036 cm -1 ), monodentate nitrates (1248 cm -1 ), bidentate nitrates (1556-1605 cm -1 ) and bridging nitrates (1622 cm -1 ).…”
Section: Environmental Catalysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An enlarged view of the Raman spectra is shown for the regions (b) 200-700 cm −1 , (c) 500-1800 cm −1 , and (d) 3000-4000 cm −1 after normalization by the F 2g intensity to correct absorption effects. Reprinted with permission from[135] Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.…”
A review. CeO 2 is widely used and investigated as an oxide catalyst or support due to its unique redox property of oxygen storage and release. In this paper, the different opportunities offered by Raman spectroscopy for advanced characterization of ceria-based catalysts are reviewed: spectral modifications induced by nanocrystallinity, defects, doping and reduction, identification of supported molecular species, isolated atoms and nanoclusters, characterization of surface modes, hydroxyl groups, reaction intermediates such as peroxo and superoxo species. Finally, in situ/operando studies for environmental catalysis are summarized illustrating Raman spectroscopy as a powerful tool to characterize ceria-based catalysts.
“…Analogous measurements were performed for TiO 2 sensors, revealing similar but less conclusive results, owing to the reduced intensity of the adsorbed species [31]. Recently, In situ Raman spectroscopy coupled with simultaneous FT-IR gas-phase analysis has revealed new information about the dynamics of the (sub)surface structure of ceria upon NO x exposure at 30 °C, such as the participation of Ce-O surface sites, besides the identification of nitrite and nitrate adsorbates [37].…”
Section: Towards Operando Raman Spectroscopy On Gas Sensorsmentioning
Understanding the mode of operation of gas sensors is of great scientific and economic interest. A knowledge-based approach requires the development and application of spectroscopic tools to monitor the relevant surface and bulk processes under working conditions (operando approach). In this review we trace the development of vibrational Raman spectroscopy applied to metal-oxide gas sensors, starting from initial applications to very recent operando spectroscopic approaches. We highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy for molecular-level characterization of metal-oxide gas sensors to reveal important mechanistic information, as well as its versatility regarding the design of in situ/operando cells and the combination with other techniques. We conclude with an outlook on potential future developments.
“…Filtschew et al studied the transition metals Cu, Ni and Co on Bao-La 2 O 3 catalyst and found that transition metals can improve the activity of the catalyst. [17] Deng Changshun and others doped Cr, Sn, Mn and other elements into CeO 2 and found that the ability of CO to catalytically reduce NO has been changed. [18] In addition, the reserves of transition metals in the crust are much higher than those of precious metals.…”
The results show that the NO conversion rate of 3DOM Ce 0.8 Cu 0.1 Zr 0.1 O 2 catalyst at a lower temperature (150 °C) is close to 60 %. Besides, 3DOM Ce 0.8 Cu 0.1 Zr 0.1 O 2 kept a stable NO removal efficiency within a wide range of gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and long reaction time and exhibited remarkable resistance to H 2 O and SO 2 poisoning, both individually and simultaneously. At the same time, the formation of the 3DOM structure not only improves the reduction performance and surface active sites of the catalyst, but also forms more oxygen defects and Ce 3 + in the catalyst due to the strong synergistic effect of metal ions and ceria, which improves the surface oxygen concentration of the composite oxide catalyst and further improves the catalytic activity. In addition, the doping of copper ions on the surface of the 3DOM Cu-CZ catalyst can improve the activity of the catalyst and it can get trapped by CO to form Cu + -CO, which plays an important role in the NO + CO reaction at low temperature. The existence of oxygen vacancy at high temperature is beneficial to the activation of O 2 and the dissociation of NO in the process of CO oxidation. The reaction of NO + CO over 3DOM Cu-CZ catalyst follows LÀ H and EÀ R mechanism respectively.
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