Unravelling the genome of Holy basil: an “incomparable” “elixir of life” of traditional Indian medicine

Rastogi, Shantanu; Kalra, Alok; Gupta, Vikrant; Khan, Feroz; Lal, R. K.; Tripathi, Anil Kumar; Parameswaran, S.; Gopalakrishnan, Chellappa; Ramaswamy, Gopalakrishna; Shasany, Ajit Kumar

doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1640-z

Cited by 63 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…2 Promising immediate implications of NGS technologies and future conducts of the massive sequence information for valueadded phytomedicines Planta genome with the closely related species. This was uniquely offered in the case of Ocimum sanctum by Rastogi et al (2015). Tulsi is considered as the mother medicine of nature (Rastogi et al 2015).…”

Section: Comparative Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renaissance in phytomedicines: promising implications of NGS technologies

Sharma

Shrivastava

2016

Planta

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Medicinal plant research is growing significantly in faith to discover new and more biologically compatible phytomedicines. Deposition of huge genome/trancriptome sequence data assisted by NGS technologies has revealed the new possibilities for producing upgraded bioactive molecules in medicinal plants. Growing interest of investors and consumers in the herbal drugs raises the need for extensive research to open the facts and details of every inch of life canvas of medicinal plants to produce improved quality of phytomedicines. As in agriculture crops, knowledge emergence from medicinal plant's genome/transcriptome, can be used to assure their amended quality and these improved varieties are then transported to the fields for cultivation. Genome studies generate huge sequence data which can be exploited further for obtaining information regarding genes/gene clusters involved in biosynthesis as well as regulation. This can be achieved rapidly at a very large scale with NGS platforms. Identification of new RNA molecules has become possible, which can lead to the discovery of novel compounds. Sequence information can be combined with advanced phytochemical and bioinformatics tools to discover functional herbal drugs. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of small RNA species put a light on the regulatory aspect of biosynthetic pathways for phytomedicines. Inter or intra genomic as well as transcriptomic interactive processes for biosynthetic pathways can be elucidated in depth. Quality management of herbal material will also become rapid and high throughput. Enrichment of sequence information will be used to engineer the plants to get more efficient phytopharmaceuticals. The present review comprises of role of NGS technologies to boost genomic studies of pharmaceutically important plants and further, applications of sequence information aiming to produce enriched phytomedicines. Emerging knowledge from the medicinal plants genome/transcriptome can give birth to deep understanding of the processes responsible for biosynthesis of medicinally important compounds.

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Section: Comparative Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was uniquely offered in the case of Ocimum sanctum by Rastogi et al (2015). Tulsi is considered as the mother medicine of nature (Rastogi et al 2015). Both nuclear and organelle genomes of the plant were sequenced.…”

Section: Comparative Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renaissance in phytomedicines: promising implications of NGS technologies

Sharma

Shrivastava

2016

Planta

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“…are on the chemical extracts or the utility of plant parts with main focus on essential oil components. Thus, in an effort towards recognition of full metabolic potential of this sacred herb, sequencing of the whole nuclear and chloroplast genomes was carried out (Rastogi et al 2015). This is the first medicinal plant genome sequenced and analyzed completely.…”

Section: Genome Of Holy Basilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Holy Basil (<I>Ocimum sanctum</I> L.) and its Genome

Shasany¹

2016

Indian Journal of History of Science

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Ocimum sanctum L. (O. tenuiflorum) is popular in India as "Holy basil". It is not only designated as sacred basil but is also used as an important ingredient in Indian and some international traditional medicinal systems. There are many theories about the origin of "Tulsi" in ancient Hindi scripts. This herb is a repository of medicinal compounds and thus is also used in treatment of various diseases and disorders, but the validation of phytomolecules with differential therapeutic activities is still a challenge. Approximately, 80% of the patents on Ocimum sp. are on the chemical extracts or the utility of plant parts with main focus on essential oil components. Thus, an effort towards recognition of full metabolic potential of this sacred herb, sequencing of the whole nuclear and chloroplast genomes was performed. The data generated was obtained by combining the sequence reads from 4 libraries of three NGS platforms. This data resulted in a saturated genome draft assembly of about 386 Mb. Pathway analysis from the data indicated the dominance of phenylpropanoids in O. sanctum. Comparison of the available genes and the chemical compounds in O. sanctum and its nearest neighbor Salvia miltiorrhiza, revealed the prospects of discovering new active molecules. This information generated will help in providing new insights relating to the medicinal nature of the metabolites synthesized in the plant.

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“…The genome size of the holy basil was estimated to be 1.39 Gbp in one study (Koroch et al, 2010) and 0.35 Gbp in another study (Carović-Stanko et al, 2010). Recently, two works sequenced the genome of the holy basil and assembled 386 Mbp (Rastogi et al, 2015) and 374 Mbp (Upadhyay et al, 2015). The scaffolds N50 in these two studies were 303 kbp (Rastogi et al, 2015) and 27 kbp (Upadhyay et al, 2015) with total of 9,059 and 78,224 scaffolds, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, two works sequenced the genome of the holy basil and assembled 386 Mbp (Rastogi et al, 2015) and 374 Mbp (Upadhyay et al, 2015). The scaffolds N50 in these two studies were 303 kbp (Rastogi et al, 2015) and 27 kbp (Upadhyay et al, 2015) with total of 9,059 and 78,224 scaffolds, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-quality assembly of sweet basil genome

Dudai

Carp

Milavski

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Sweet basil, sometimes called the King of Herbs, is well known for its culinary uses, especially in the Italian sauce 'Pesto'. It is also used in traditional medicine, as a source for essential oils and as an ornamental plant. So far, basil was bred by classical and traditional methods due to lack of a reference genome that will allow optimized application of the most up-to-date sequencing techniques. Here, we report on the first completion of the sweet basil genome of the cultivar 'Perrie', a fresh-cut Genovese-type basil, using several next generation sequencing platforms followed by genome assembly with NRGENE's DeNovoMAGIC assembly tool. We determined that the genome size of sweet basil is 2.13 Gbp and assembled it into 12,212 scaffolds. The highquality of the assembly is reflected in that more than 90% of the assembly size is composed of only 107 scaffolds. An independent analysis of single copy orthologues genes showed a 93% completeness which reveal also that 74% of them were duplicated, indicating that the sweet basil is a tetraploid organism. A reference genome of sweet basil will enable to develop precise molecular markers for various agricultural important traits such as disease resistance and tolerance to various environmental conditions. We will gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of various metabolic processes such as aroma production and pigment accumulation. Finally, it will save time and money for basil breeders and scientists and ensure higher throughput and robustness in future studies.

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Unravelling the genome of Holy basil: an “incomparable” “elixir of life” of traditional Indian medicine

Cited by 63 publications

References 66 publications

Renaissance in phytomedicines: promising implications of NGS technologies

Renaissance in phytomedicines: promising implications of NGS technologies

The Holy Basil (<I>Ocimum sanctum</I> L.) and its Genome

High-quality assembly of sweet basil genome

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