Unravelling the genetic differentiation among varieties of the Neotropical savanna tree Hancornia speciosa Gomes

Abstract

Our findings show that demographical history and isolation by distance, but not isolation by environment, drove genetic differentiation of populations. Finally, the genetic clusters do not support the two recently recognized botanical varieties of H. speciosa, but partially support Monachino's classification at least for the four sampled varieties, similar to morphological variation.

Impacts of landscape composition, marginality of distribution, soil fertility and climatic stability on the patterns of woody plant endemism in the Cerrado

“…Comparatively, core regions of the Cerrado harbour species with more restricted niches and distributions, often showing some level of habitat specialization (e.g., thick bark, deep root systems and sclerophylly) and mostly associated exclusively with savanna environments. The observed correlation between endemism and centrality of distribution might also be affected by the interaction of centrality with two other predictors tested in this work: the historical climatic suitability of nuclear regions for plants of the Cerrado (Bueno et al, ; Buzatti et al, ; Collevatti et al, ; Correa Ribeiro et al, ; Costa et al, ; Lima et al, ); and the concentration of higher‐elevation regions in core regions (e.g., Werneck, ).…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates this correlation for the Cerrado. The observed correlation between endemism and centrality of distribution might also be affected by the interaction of centrality with two other predictors tested in this work: the historical climatic suitability of nuclear regions for plants of the Cerrado Buzatti et al, 2017Buzatti et al, , 2018Collevatti et al, 2018;Correa Ribeiro et al, 2016;Costa et al, 2018;Lima et al, 2017); and the concentration of higher-elevation regions in core regions (e.g., Werneck, 2011).…”

“…In addition to the geomorphological processes during the Late Miocene, the Pleistocene climate is proposed as a key driver of taxa diversification in the Cerrado (Arruda, Schaefer, Fonseca, Solar, & Fernandes‐Filho, ; Bueno et al, ; Costa et al, ; Santos, Nogueira, Giugliano, & Colli, ; Werneck, Nogueira, Colli, Sites, & Costa, ). In general, climatically stable regions are considered to be good predictors of diversity at both interspecific (Jansson, ; Werneck, ) and intraspecific levels (Buzatti, Lemos‐Filho, Bueno, & Lovato, ; Carnaval & Moritz, ; Carnaval, Hickerson, Haddad, Rodrigues, & Moritz, ; Collevatti et al, ; Correa Ribeiro, Lemos‐Filho, de Oliveira Buzatti, Lovato, & Heuertz, ; Lima, Telles, Chaves, Lima‐Ribeiro, & Collevatti, ). Areas presenting less stable climatic conditions are more prone to local extinction than regions with more stable climates owing to the reduced population sizes and, consequently, greater importance of genetic drift and inbreeding (Harrison & Noss, ).…”

“…Areas presenting less stable climatic conditions are more prone to local extinction than regions with more stable climates owing to the reduced population sizes and, consequently, greater importance of genetic drift and inbreeding (Harrison & Noss, ). Conversely, populations in climatically stable regions have been demonstrated to show higher demographic stability owing to their more highly effective population sizes compared with those of climatically unstable areas (Buzatti et al, ; Collevatti et al, ; Correa Ribeiro, Lemos‐Filho, Oliveira Buzatti, Lovato, & Heuertz, ; Lima et al, ). According to this hypothesis, overlapping stable areas across the distribution of multiple taxa might potentially constitute regions of higher endemism, as demonstrated, for example, for the Atlantic Rainforest (Carnaval & Moritz, ).…”

Impacts of landscape composition, marginality, and climatic stability on the patterns of endemism of Cerrado woody plants

“…In general, climatically stable regions are considered good predictors of diversity at both interspecific (Jansson, 2003;Werneck, 2011) and intraspecific levels (Carnaval & Moritz, 2008;Carnaval, Hickerson, Haddad, Rodrigues, & Moritz, 2009;Correa Ribeiro, Lemos-Filho, J.P., de Oliveira Buzatti, R.S., Lovato, M.B. & Heuertz, 2016;7 Buzatti, Lemos-Filho, Bueno, & Lovato, 2017;Lima et al 2017;Collevatti et al 2018).…”