Unravelling the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of the Marine Sponge Cliona celata from the Portuguese Coastline

Abstract

Inflammation is a double-edged sword, as it can have both protective effects and harmful consequences, which, combined with oxidative stress (OS), can lead to the development of deathly chronic inflammatory conditions. Over the years, research has evidenced the potential of marine sponges as a source of effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. Within this framework, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory potential of the marine sponge Cliona celata. For this purpose, their organic extracts (C1–C5) and fractions were evaluated concerning their radical scavenging activity through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and anti-inflammatory activity through a (lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation on RAW 264.7 cells) model. Compounds present in the two most active fractions (F5 and F13) of C4 were tentatively identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Even though samples displayed low antioxidant activity, they presented a high anti-inflammatory capacity in the studied cellular inflammatory model when compared to the anti-inflammatory standard, dexamethasone. GC-MS analysis led to the identification of n-hexadecanoic acid, cis-9-hexadecenal, and 13-octadecenal in fraction F5, while two major compounds, octadecanoic acid and cholesterol, were identified in fraction F13. The developed studies demonstrated the high anti-inflammatory activity of the marine sponge C. celata extracts and fractions, highlighting its potential for further therapeutic applications.

Species-level characterization of saliva and dental plaque microbiota reveals putative bacterial and functional biomarkers of periodontal diseases in dogs

“…Therefore, the significant increase in the abundance of a gene encoding for nitrous-oxide reductase in the dental plaque microbiome of healthy dogs can be considered as a microbial metabolic marker associated with healthy conditions. (Pacher et al 2007 , Sharma et al 2007 , Alves et al 2021 , Leclerc et al 2021 ). In parallel, a gene coding a tryptophan synthase was significantly more abundant in the posterior dental plaque biofilm of healthy dogs when compared to those affected by periodontitis (Fig.…”

Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of New Naphthyridine from Sponge Aaptos suberitoides in LPS‐Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages via Regulation of MAPK and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways

“…Marine sponges are a rich source of anti‐inflammatory therapeutic agents [7] . Various anti‐inflammatory compounds, such as peptides, terpenoids, and alkaloids, have been isolated from sponges [8,9] . Aaptos suberitoides Brøndsted of genus Aaptos (Porifera, Demospongiae, Suberitida, Suberitidae) are widely distributed in the marine ecosystem, including Vietnamese, Japanese, Indonesian, and Caribbean shallow waters [10] .…”

“…[7] Various anti-inflammatory compounds, such as peptides, terpenoids, and alkaloids, have been isolated from sponges. [8,9] Aaptos suberitoides Brøndsted of genus Aaptos (Porifera, Demospongiae, Suberitida, Suberitidae) are widely distributed in the marine ecosystem, including Vietnamese, Japanese, Indonesian, and Caribbean shallow waters. [10] Aaptamine-type alkaloids are the main chemical constituents of this sponge, and 29 new alkaloids have been identified in previous studies.…”