Unravelling Forest Complexity: Resource Use Efficiency, Disturbance, and the Structure-Function Relationship

Murphy, Bailey; May, Jacob; Butterworth, Brian; Andresen, Christian G.; Desai, Ankur R.

doi:10.1002/essoar.10509394.1

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The assumptions that go into such a data assimilation consequently generates a large source of uncertainty for upscaling. Recent work from CHEESEHEAD19 also highlights the legacy of a century of land management leaving behind a significant imprint on stand structure and linkages to carbon and water use efficiency (Murphy et al., 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aggregation of CO 2 fluxes from a collection of sites in and around the Chequamegon‐Nicolet National Forest in the summers of 2002 and 2003 demonstrated that footprint‐weighted NEE, R eco , and GPP at the tall tower were within 11% of the combined fluxes from 13 surrounding towers (Desai, Noormets, et al., 2008). Forest structure and age distribution strongly impact these fluxes, reflecting the history of land management and canopy complexity on modulating regional carbon cycle responses in forests (Desai et al., 2005, 2007; Murphy et al., 2022). Wetlands and other aquatic landscapes (lakes, rivers, and ponds) form more than a quarter of the landscape and have been shown to have unique responses to hydrologic change (Buffam et al., 2011; Gorsky et al., 2021; Pugh et al., 2018; Turner et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drivers of Decadal Carbon Fluxes Across Temperate Ecosystems

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Long‐running eddy covariance flux towers provide insights into how the terrestrial carbon cycle operates over multiple timescales. Here, we evaluated variation in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) across the Chequamegon Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Study AmeriFlux core site cluster in the upper Great Lakes region of the USA from 1997 to 2020. The tower network included two mature hardwood forests with differing management regimes (US‐WCr and US‐Syv), two fen wetlands with varying levels of canopy sheltering and vegetation (US‐Los and US‐ALQ), and a very tall (400 m) landscape‐level tower (US‐PFa). Together, they provided over 70 site‐years of observations. The 19‐tower Chequamegon Heterogenous Ecosystem Energy‐balance Study Enabled by a High‐density Extensive Array of Detectors 2019 campaign centered around US‐PFa provided additional information on the spatial variation of NEE. Decadal variability was present in all long‐term sites, but cross‐site coherence in interannual NEE in the earlier part of the record became weaker with time as non‐climatic factors such as local disturbances likely dominated flux time series. Average decadal NEE at the tall tower transitioned from carbon source to sink to near neutral over 24 years. Respiration had a greater effect than photosynthesis on driving variations in NEE at all sites. Declining snowfall offset potential increases in assimilation from warmer springs, as less‐insulated soils delayed start of spring green‐up. Higher CO2 increased maximum net assimilation parameters but not total gross primary productivity. Stand‐scale sites were larger net sinks than the landscape tower. Clustered, long‐term carbon flux observations provide value for understanding the diverse links between carbon and climate and the challenges of upscaling these responses across space.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Decadal Carbon Fluxes Across Temperate Ecosystems

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“…For example, from CHEESEHEAD19, Murphy et al. (2022) find canopy structural metrics do not linearly scale with spatial resolution, which influences how those metrics link to ecosystem functions through water‐use and light‐use efficiencies. Meanwhile, with a range of atmospheric profilers and surface radiation observations, Sedlar et al.…”

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Scaling Land‐Atmosphere Interactions: Special or Fundamental?

et al. 2022

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Viewed from billions of kilometers away in space, Earth appears as a single "Pale Blue Dot," in the immortalized phrase of Carl Sagan bestowed upon the image taken by the Voyager 1 space probe. Coming closer, though, a sharper image emerges (Figure 1).One finds structure to that dot, shades of green and brown continents, a dark ocean, a bright cryosphere, and a hazy, thin blue atmosphere. Zooming further in, those components break into patterns of mountains and rivers, seas and bays, forests and grasslands, layers, and cloud decks. And getting closer, one finds each component has oscillations and variations of branches and rivulets, canyons and plateaus, currents and coastlines. These objects keep revealing more structure in finer, often self-similar form, like Mandelbrot's fractals, down to eddies and organisms, and further into leaves, cells, enzymes, molecules, and atoms.And then, if you wait seconds, days, decades, or eons, landscape patterns change. Bigger things typically take longer than smaller ones. As a result, the pattern changes-sometimes occurring slowly and subtly, ebbing and flowing in an oscillatory manner, or they can occur quickly and abruptly, morphing into a new state of order.Each element and its dynamics come with variations in space and time that can be encompassed by the concept of scale. Earth systems science is preoccupied with the interactions of these elements, which cannot be understood without a stipulation of the scales of interest (Ge et al., 2019). The most straightforward of these interactions are ones where common processes at all scales can be defined by a single relationship, often a power-law, leading to the concept of scale invariance (Paleri et al., 2022). The most interesting interactions are the ones that break those rules and lead to "upscale" and "downscale" behavior, whereby processes at one scale determine the shape and function of another scale. These are most common at the intersections of biology, hydrology, geology, and meteorology, often within what is termed the "critical zone." This interlocking also harkens to the origins of

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Unravelling Forest Complexity: Resource Use Efficiency, Disturbance, and the Structure-Function Relationship

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Drivers of Decadal Carbon Fluxes Across Temperate Ecosystems

Drivers of Decadal Carbon Fluxes Across Temperate Ecosystems

Scaling Land‐Atmosphere Interactions: Special or Fundamental?

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