Unravelling factors associated with ‘blackspot’ disorder in stored Hass avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill) fruit

Uarrota, Virgílio Gavicho; Hernández, Ignacia; Guequen, Excequel Ponce; Cruz, Juan Vidal; Fuentealba, Claudia; Defilippi, Bruno G.; Lindh, Vicente; Zulueta, Claudio; Chirinos, Rosana; Campos, David; Pedreschi, Romina

doi:10.1080/14620316.2020.1763860

Cited by 14 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The incidence of black spot was evaluated with the same hedonic scale explained above. The severity index (SI) for both external quality problems (lenticel damage and black spot) was calculated from the formula used in previous studies [10,17]:…”

Section: Evaluations Of Internal and External Quality Parameters 241 Incidence Of Lenticel Damage And Black Spotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, a physiological disorder known as black spot has been manifested on the skin of the fruit without compromising the mesocarp; in years of high incidence, it has reached up to 20% rejection of exports (e.g., 2016/2017 season) [10]. To date, only one study on the potential causes and control of this disorder has been published [10]. These spots are characterized by brown to black patches with a diameter of 2-3 mm or bigger, with a defined edge in the peel that does not affect the mesocarp of the fruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms are manifested after prolonged storage (>20 d in cold), mainly in regular atmosphere conditions and, to a lesser extent, in controlled atmosphere conditions [11]. This physiological disorder of the oxidative stress type [10] is usually confused with pathogen attack (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) or lenticel damage generated at harvest [10,12,13]. Lenticel damage, on the other hand, corresponds to the rupture of the lenticels; they have a diameter of 1-5 mm with brown shades, and lenticel damage is expressed after a few hours after harvest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study on black spots on the skin of avocado cv. Hass after prolonged storage in regular air evaluated the effect of climatic variables and the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense system of the epicarp at harvest and reported a negative correlation between the content of phenolic compounds in the epicarp of the fruit at harvest and during storage in regular air at 5 • C for 40 days with the incidence of black spots in Hass avocados [10]. In addition, variables such as minimum temperatures and lenticel damage were apparently correlated with the development of black spot in the epicarp of Hass avocado after prolonged storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Image Analysis Reveals That Lenticel Damage Does Not Result in Black Spot Development but Enhances Dehydration in Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass during Prolonged Storage

Lindh

Uarrota

Zulueta³

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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Black spot corresponds to a physiological disorder of the type of oxidative stress that occurs after the prolonged postharvest storage of Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass fruit. Industry tends to confuse this disorder with pathogen attack (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), chilling injury, mechanical damage during harvest and transport or lenticel damage. The main objectives of this research were: (i) to develop a method to assess and differentiate lenticel damage and black spot and (ii) to study the correlation between mechanical damage and lenticel damage on the development of black spot. Avocado fruits from different orchards were evaluated at two sampling times using different harvesting systems (conventional and appropriate) and at two times of the day (a.m. or p.m.). Here, we report a method based on image analysis to differentiate and quantify lenticel damage and black spot disorder. In addition, the results show that conventional harvest increased lenticel damage and lenticel damage did not correlate with black spot development but correlated with increased weight loss during prolonged postharvest storage. These results have important commercial implications since the appropriate harvesting of avocado cv. Hass would not only control the incidence of lenticel damage, which would be an advantage in terms of external quality, but also reduce weight loss during transport to distant markets.

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Section: Evaluations Of Internal and External Quality Parameters 241 Incidence Of Lenticel Damage And Black Spotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%