Unraveling the Regulatory Mechanism of Color Diversity in Camellia japonica Petals by Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis

Fu, Mingyue; Xu, Yongsheng; Zheng, Jiarui; Wang, Ling; Yang, Xiaoyan; Tu, Yi Fang; Ye, Jiabao; Zhang, Weiwei; Liao, Yongling; Cheng, Shuiyuan; Xu, Feng

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.685136

Cited by 62 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“… Jiang et al (2020) and Wang F. et al (2021) observed anthocyanins, such as cyanidin-3- O -glucoside and cyanidin-3,5- O -diglucoside (cyanin), from purple Salvia miltiorrhiza and purple Ficus carica Linn., respectively. Fu et al (2021) found that cyanidin-3- O -(6′′- O -malonyl)glucoside was the main contributor to the color of Camellia japonica . The results of these studies were similar to those of this study, and these DAAs may be the main reason for the difference in flower color between LS and JS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Metabolome and Transcriptome of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Two Colors of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. (C. tinctoria) has a long history of application and high economic and medicinal value. Flavonoids, the main active components of C. tinctoria, are widely studied in pharmacology and food development. However, the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in C. tinctoria is unclear. In this study, we comprehensively compared the transcriptomes and metabolite profiles of two colors of C. tinctoria flowers (LS and JS) at different flowering stages. A total of 165 flavonoids (46 flavonoids, 42 flavonols, 22 anthocyanins, 18 chalcones, 12 dihydroflavonols, nine isoflavones, eight dihydroflavonoids, six flavanols, and two tannins) were identified in LS and JS at different flowering stages. Thirty-three metabolites (11 anthocyanins, 11 flavonols, seven flavonoids, two dihydroflavonols, one dihydroflavone, and one chalcone) were found to be statistically significantly different in the LS vs. JS groups. LS flowers accumulated higher levels of 10 anthocyanins (seven cyanidins and three pelargonidins) than JS flowers. Furthermore, candidate genes related to the regulation of flavonoid and anthocyanin synthesis were identified and included 28 structural genes (especially F3H, Cluster-28756.299649, and 3GT, Cluster-28756.230942) in LS and JS, six key differentially expressed transcription factors (especially MYB90a, Cluster-28756.143139) in LS and JS, and 17 other regulators (mainly including transporter proteins and others) in LS. Our results provide valuable information for further studies on the mechanism underlying flavonoid biosynthesis in C. tinctoria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Metabolome and Transcriptome of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Two Colors of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…FvTCP9 dramatically promotes the genes involved in fruit color and aroma metabolism in strawberry fruits ( Wei et al, 2016 ). GATA promoted crucial genes of Ehrlich pathway to enhance 2-PE production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( Chen et al, 2017 ) and regulate anthocyanin accumulation in Camellia japonica petals ( Fu et al, 2021 ). The 14 TFs herein were also highly related to the genes in the biosynthesis of Phe and BPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bZIP, TCP, GATA, and so on (Wei et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2017;Jian et al, 2019;Gao et al, 2020;Fu et al, 2021). The important plant pigment anthocyanidins can be classified mainly into two groups, namely, flavonoids and phenolics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthocyanidins could be transferred to (−)-catechins by anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) or linked with glucose by UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3- O -glucosyltransferase (UFGT) to form anthocyanins. It has been widely proved that these structure genes were influenced by many transcription factors (TFs), such as MYB , ERF , bZIP , TCP , GATA , and so on ( Wei et al, 2016 ; Chen et al, 2017 ; Jian et al, 2019 ; Gao et al, 2020 ; Fu et al, 2021 ). The important plant pigment anthocyanidins can be classified mainly into two groups, namely, flavonoids and phenolics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Relationship of Benzenoid–Phenylpropanoid Pigment and Aroma in Purple Tea Flowers

et al. 2021

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Tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers are normally white, even though the leaves could be purple. We previously discovered a specific variety with purple leaves and flowers. In the face of such a phenomenon, researchers usually focus on the mechanism of color formation but ignore the change of aroma. The purple tea flowers contain more anthocyanins, which belong to flavonoids. Meanwhile, phenylalanine (Phe), derived from the shikimate pathway, is a precursor for both flavonoids and volatile benzenoid–phenylpropanoids (BPs). Thus, it is not clear whether the BP aroma was attenuated for the appearance of purple color. In this study, we integrated metabolome and transcriptome of petals of two tea varieties, namely, Zijuan (ZJ) with white flowers and Baitang (BT) with purple flowers, to reveal the relationship between color (anthocyanins) and aroma (volatile BPs). The results indicated that in purple petals, the upstream shikimate pathway promoted for 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) was elevated. Among the increased anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (DpG) was extremely higher; volatile BPs, including benzyl aldehyde, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone (AP), 1-phenylethanol, and 2-phenylethanol, were also enhanced, and AP was largely elevated. The structural genes related to the biosynthesis of volatile BPs were induced, while the whole flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was downregulated, except for the genes flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) and flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), which were highly expressed to shift the carbon flux to delphinidin, which was then conjugated to glucoside by increased bronze-1 (BZ1) (UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase) to form DpG. Transcription factors (TFs) highly related to AP and DpG were selected to investigate their correlation with the differentially expressed structural genes. TFs, such as MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP, TCP, and GATA, were dramatically expressed and focused on the regulation of genes in the upstream synthesis of Phe (DAHPS; arogenate dehydratase/prephenatedehydratase) and the synthesis of AP (phenylacetaldehyde reductase; short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase), Dp (F3′H; F3′5′H), and DpG (BZ1), but inhibited the formation of flavones (flavonol synthase) and catechins (leucoanthocyanidin reductase). These results discovered an unexpected promotion of volatile BPs in purple tea flowers and extended our understanding of the relationship between the BP-type color and aroma in the tea plant.

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“…In most plants except radish, carrot, and potato, anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation are induced by light [ 1 ]. The synthesis of anthocyanins is regulated by a variety of transcription factors, such as R2R3MYB [ 14 ], basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) [ 15 ], WD40 protein [ 16 , 17 ], and WRKY [ 18 ]. Especially, MBW (MYB-bHLH-WDR) [ 19 ] protein complex play an important role in the flavonoid synthesis pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of anthocyanin biosynthesis to light by strand-specific transcriptome and miRNA analysis in Capsicum annuum

et al. 2022

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Background Anthocyanins have distinct biological functions in plant coloring, plant defense against strong light, UV irradiation, and pathogen infection. Aromatic hydroxyl groups and ortho-dihydroxyl groups in anthocyanins are able to inhibit free-radical chain reactions and hydroxyl radicals. Thus, anthocyanins play an antioxidative role by removing various types of ROS. Pepper is one of the solanaceous vegetables with the largest cultivation area in China. The purple-fruited pepper is rich in anthocyanins, which not only increases the ornamental nature of the pepper fruit but also benefits the human body. In this experiment, light-induced regulatory pathways and related specific regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis were examined through integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. Results Results revealed that delphinium 3-O-glucoside significantly accumulated in light exposed surface of pepper fruit after 48 h as compared to shaded surface. Furthermore, through strand-specific sequencing technology, 1341 differentially expressed genes, 172 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 8 differentially expressed circRNAs, and 28 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified significantly different among both surfaces. The flavonoid synthesis pathway was significantly enriched by KEGG analysis including SHT (XM_016684802.1), AT-like (XM_016704776.1), CCoAOMT (XM_016698340.1, XM_016698341.1), CHI (XM_016697794.1, XM_016697793.1), CHS2 (XM_016718139.1), CHS1B (XM_016710598.1), CYP98A2-like (XM_016688489.1), DFR (XM_016705224.1), F3’5’H (XM_016693437.1), F3H (XM_016705025.1), F3’M (XM_016707872.1), LDOX (XM_016712446.1), TCM (XM_016722116.1) and TCM-like (XM_016722117.1). Most of these significantly enriched flavonoid synthesis pathway genes may be also regulated by lncRNA. Some differentially expressed genes encoding transcription factors were also identified including MYB4-like (XM_016725242.1), MYB113-like (XM_016689220.1), MYB308-like (XM_016696983.1, XM_016702244.1), and EGL1 (XM_016711673.1). Three ‘lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA’ regulatory networks with sly-miR5303, stu-miR5303g, stu-miR7997a, and stu-miR7997c were constructed, including 28 differentially expressed mRNAs and 6 differentially expressed lncRNAs. Conclusion Possible light regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport genes were identified by transcriptome analysis, and confirmed by qRT-PCR. These results provide important data for further understanding of the anthocyanin metabolism in response to light in pepper.

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Unraveling the Regulatory Mechanism of Color Diversity in Camellia japonica Petals by Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis

Cited by 62 publications

References 71 publications

Comparison of Metabolome and Transcriptome of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Two Colors of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.

Comparison of Metabolome and Transcriptome of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Two Colors of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.

Integration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Relationship of Benzenoid–Phenylpropanoid Pigment and Aroma in Purple Tea Flowers

Response of anthocyanin biosynthesis to light by strand-specific transcriptome and miRNA analysis in Capsicum annuum

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