Unraveling the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in groundwater from urban setting: A combined multidisciplinary approach and self-organizing maps

Stefano, Paulo Henrique Prado; Roisenberg, Arí; Santos, Matheus Rossi; Dias, Mariana Amaral; Montagner, Cassiana Carolina

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134395

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In Puebla City, drainage and sewerage share the same infrastructure, where rainwater runoff and domestic and industrial discharges confluence. In that water, pollutants found include pharmaceuticals [118], microplastics [61,119], other emerging contaminants [119], and heavy metals [56]. Their confluence allows them to mix and produce chemical reactions that might result in new mixtures of pollutants, which may not be treated by WWTPs [120].…”

Section: Water Excretion In the Central City Of Pueblamentioning

confidence: 99%

Puebla City Water Supply from the Perspective of Urban Water Metabolism

Pérez-González,

Delgado-Ramos,

Cedillo Ramírez

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The city of Puebla is a mid-sized Mexican city facing multiple water-related challenges, from overexploitation of water sources and extreme pollution of rivers to water conflicts and contestation processes due to the privatization of water supply. Due to the complexity of urban water systems and their relevance for urban life, a holistic and integrative perspective is therefore needed to inform policymakers addressing such challenges. In this paper, Urban Water Metabolism (UWM) has been used to offer a comprehensive understanding of current water insecurity in the City of Puebla and its metropolitan area. Water inflows and outflows have been estimated using the Material Flow Analysis (MFA) method with data either obtained from official sources or simulated with the Monte Carlo method. Our findings show that the UWM configuration in the City of Puebla and its metropolitan area is effective for generating profits for service providers and water-related businesses, yet ineffective for guaranteeing citizens’ Human Right to Water and Sanitation (HRWS), a right recognized in the Constitution of Mexico. We conclude that to advance towards an inclusive and sustainable long-term provision of water, economic goals must follow socio-ecological goals, not the other way around. We consider UWM accounting useful for informing policy and decision-making processes seeking to build a new water governance based on both the best available knowledge and inclusive and vibrant social participation.

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Section: Water Excretion In the Central City Of Pueblamentioning

confidence: 99%

Puebla City Water Supply from the Perspective of Urban Water Metabolism

Pérez-González,

Delgado-Ramos,

Cedillo Ramírez

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…In some works [ 15 , 16 , 17 ] focused on HPLC-HRMS pollutant target analysis, the authors used a type of neural network named Self-Organizing Map (SOM) [ 18 , 19 , 20 ] for unsupervised multivariate analysis, highlighting the benefits of using it instead of PCA or HCA. SOMs are a rather old type of artificial intelligence (AI) that employs unsupervised learning to convert high-dimensional input data into a lower-dimensional grid composed of nodes or neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Organizing Maps: An AI Tool for Identifying Unexpected Source Signatures in Non-Target Screening Analysis of Urban Wastewater by HPLC-HRMS

Gelao,

Fornasaro,

Briguglio

et al. 2024

Toxics

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(1) Background: Monitoring effluent in water treatment plants has a key role in identifying potential pollutants that might be released into the environment. A non-target analysis approach can be used for identifying unknown substances and source-specific multipollutant signatures. (2) Methods: Urban and industrial wastewater effluent were analyzed by HPLC-HRMS for non-target analysis. The anomalous infiltration of industrial wastewater into urban wastewater was investigated by analyzing the mass spectra data of “unknown common” compounds using principal component analysis (PCA) and the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) AI tool. The outcomes of the models were compared. (3) Results: The outlier detection was more straightforward in the SOM model than in the PCA one. The differences among the samples could not be completely perceived in the PCA model. Moreover, since PCA involves the calculation of new variables based on the original experimental ones, it is not possible to reconstruct a chromatogram that displays the recurring patterns in the urban WTP samples. This can be achieved using the SOM outcomes. (4) Conclusions: When comparing a large number of samples, the SOM AI tool is highly efficient in terms of calculation, visualization, and identifying outliers. Interpreting PCA visualization and outlier detection becomes challenging when dealing with a large sample size.

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“…At least 2 billion people lack access to safe drinking water sources, being exposed to multiple diseases, and around 2.3 billion people live in waterstressed locations, facing seasonal water shortages, of which more than 700 million live in high-risk areas [1]. In this context, population and industrial activity growth are directly responsible for the increase in the contamination of water sources, with multiple chemicals being unproperly disposed of or directed to inefficient treatment stations [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parabens are a group of molecules among the CECs that are vastly used in pharmaceuticals and personal care products due to their preservative and antibacterial properties, becoming the focus of multiple studies and withdrawn from products due to their endocrine-disruptive characteristics and having been detected in tumorous tissues [4,5]. CECs have been found in multiple environments and locations, such as groundwater, soil, and atmosphere [2]. Therefore, efficient water treatment and reuse has become a necessary goal to enhance the quality and availability of this resource.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

g-C3N4 for Photocatalytic Degradation of Parabens: Precursors Influence, the Radiation Source and Simultaneous Ozonation Evaluation

et al. 2023

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising catalyst for contaminants of emerging concern removal applications, especially as a visible-light-driven material. In this study, g-C3N4 catalysts were effectively synthesized through a simple thermal polymerization method, using melamine, urea, and thiourea as precursors to elucidate the influence of these compounds on the final product’s photocatalytic performance. The degradation of a mixture of three parabens was investigated under different types of radiation: two artificial, ultraviolet-A (UVA) and visible LED, and natural sunlight. The urea-based catalyst (UCN) presented better results under all radiation sources, followed by thiourea, and finally, melamine. Among the artificial light sources, the degradation of parabens under UVA was considerably higher than visible—up to 51% and 21%, respectively—using UCN; however, the broader spectrum of natural sunlight was able to achieve the highest removals, up to 92%, using UCN. Comparing artificial radiation sources, UVA lamps presented 45% lower energy consumption and associated costs. Photocatalytic ozonation was tested using UCN and MCN, with UCN once more possessing superior performance and a synergetic effect between photocatalysis and ozonation, with complete removal under 12 min. The use of g-C3N4 was then successfully tested in initial screening and found to be an efficient alternative in more low-cost and feasible solar photocatalysis water treatment.

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Unraveling the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in groundwater from urban setting: A combined multidisciplinary approach and self-organizing maps

Cited by 15 publications

References 76 publications

Puebla City Water Supply from the Perspective of Urban Water Metabolism

Puebla City Water Supply from the Perspective of Urban Water Metabolism

Self-Organizing Maps: An AI Tool for Identifying Unexpected Source Signatures in Non-Target Screening Analysis of Urban Wastewater by HPLC-HRMS

g-C3N4 for Photocatalytic Degradation of Parabens: Precursors Influence, the Radiation Source and Simultaneous Ozonation Evaluation

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