Unraveling the mysteries of reproduction

Fehrer, Judith

doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.12

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Indeed, the inference of the effective rates of asexuality from genetic data without a priori remains one of the main expectations accounting for the theoretical development of population genetics tools [4], [16], [25]. If the mean value of F IS alone should not allow inferring the rates of asexuality because of its lack of variation at low rates of asexuality [19], [29], full distributions of F IS and analyses considering two generations (on the change of F IS sign for example) are promising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many species relevant to human activities and ecosystems are partially asexual, meaning that they can reproduce both through sexual and asexual (equally named clonal) events [1]–[3]. Theoretical population genetics of partially asexual species has received little attention so far [4] and there is an ongoing debate on the effects of asexuality on genetic diversity and how such effects can be used to identify asexual species [5]. Indeed, theoretical studies about the genetic consequences of partial and full asexuality have only focused on the mean expected values of some population genetics parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, some field studies show shifting conclusions depending on whether they argue from F IS variance or from other population parameters [8], [28], [30] indicating that this method may be not universal. Up to now, field studies still need to resort to expertise to identify, predict and infer the evolutionary forces ongoing on partially asexual species [4], [31], mostly because theoretical predictions only exist as mean expected values for some specific drift and mutation cases, rather than as full distributions of values computed for an extensive quantitative range of evolutionary forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hope that our predictions will help future biological studies to formalize hypotheses about the evolutionary forces, the biological traits and the ecological processes acting on populations, and to better assess the rates of asexuality estimated from genetic markers. This theoretical study constitutes a first step to take up the challenges expressed in recent perspectives to disentangle classic evolutionary forces from the consequences of such ‘odd’ mating systems [4], [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Exact Distributions of FIS under Partial Asexuality in Small Finite Populations with Mutation

Stoeckel

Masson

2014

PLoS ONE

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Reproductive systems like partial asexuality participate to shape the evolution of genetic diversity within populations, which is often quantified by the inbreeding coefficient F IS. Understanding how those mating systems impact the possible distributions of F IS values in theoretical populations helps to unravel forces shaping the evolution of real populations. We proposed a population genetics model based on genotypic states in a finite population with mutation. For populations with less than 400 individuals, we assessed the impact of the rates of asexuality on the full exact distributions of F IS, the probabilities of positive and negative F IS, the probabilities of fixation and the probabilities to observe changes in the sign of F IS over one generation. After an infinite number of generations, we distinguished three main patterns of effects of the rates of asexuality on genetic diversity that also varied according to the interactions of mutation and genetic drift. Even rare asexual events in mainly sexual populations impacted the balance between negative and positive F IS and the occurrence of extreme values. It also drastically modified the probability to change the sign of F IS value at one locus over one generation. When mutation prevailed over genetic drift, increasing rates of asexuality continuously increased the variance of F IS that reached its highest value in fully asexual populations. In consequence, even ancient asexual populations showed the entire F IS spectrum, including strong positive F IS. The prevalence of heterozygous loci only occurred in full asexual populations when genetic drift dominated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Exact Distributions of FIS under Partial Asexuality in Small Finite Populations with Mutation

Stoeckel

Masson

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…While rates of asexual/sexual reproduction are rarely estimated in field populations, due to the lack of an appropriate inferential framework or the lack of appropriate data (Halkett et al . ; Fehrer ; Stoeckel & Masson ), methods have been proposed for inferring the effective population size (Caballero ; Wang ). Waples’ method is among the most reliable methods to infer effective population size from the temporal variation in allele frequency, using sequentially sampling populations across generations (Waples ; Wang ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

cloncase: Estimation of sex frequency and effective population size by clonemate resampling in partially clonal organisms

Ali

Soubeyrand

Gladieux

et al. 2016

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Inferring reproductive and demographic parameters of populations is crucial to our understanding of species ecology and evolutionary potential but can be challenging, especially in partially clonal organisms. Here, we describe a new and accurate method, cloncase, for estimating both the rate of sexual vs. asexual reproduction and the effective population size, based on the frequency of clonemate resampling across generations. Simulations showed that our method provides reliable estimates of sex frequency and effective population size for a wide range of parameters. The cloncase method was applied to Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, a fungal pathogen causing stripe/yellow rust, an important wheat disease. This fungus is highly clonal in Europe but has been suggested to recombine in Asia. Using two temporally spaced samples of P. striiformis f.sp. tritici in China, the estimated sex frequency was 75% (i.e. three-quarter of individuals being sexually derived during the yearly sexual cycle), indicating strong contribution of sexual reproduction to the life cycle of the pathogen in this area. The inferred effective population size of this partially clonal organism (Nc = 998) was in good agreement with estimates obtained using methods based on temporal variations in allelic frequencies. The cloncase estimator presented herein is the first method allowing accurate inference of both sex frequency and effective population size from population data without knowledge of recombination or mutation rates. cloncase can be applied to population genetic data from any organism with cyclical parthenogenesis and should in particular be very useful for improving our understanding of pest and microbial population biology.

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The Combined Effect of Haplodiplonty and Partial Clonality on Genotypic and Genetic Diversity in a Finite Mutating Population

Stoeckel

Arnaud‐Haond

Krueger‐Hadfield

2021

Journal of Heredity

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Partial clonality is known to affect the genetic composition and evolutionary trajectory of diplontic (single, free-living diploid stage) populations. However, many partially clonal eukaryotes exhibit life cycles in which somatic development occurs in both haploid and diploid individuals (haplodiplontic life cycles). Here, we studied how haplodiplontic life cycles and partial clonality structurally constrain, as immutable parameters, the reshuffling of genetic diversity and its dynamics in populations over generations. We assessed the distribution of common population genetic indices at different proportions of haploids, rates of clonality, mutation rates, and sampling efforts. Our results showed that haplodiplontic life cycles alone in finite populations affect effective population sizes and the ranges of distributions of population genetic indices. With nonoverlapping generations, haplodiplonty allowed the evolution of 2 temporal genetic pools that may diverge in sympatry due to genetic drift under full sexuality and clonality. Partial clonality in these life cycles acted as a homogenizing force between those 2 pools. Moreover, the combined effects of proportion of haploids, rate of clonality, and the relative strength of mutation versus genetic drift impacts the distributions of population genetics indices, rendering it difficult to transpose and use knowledge accumulated from diplontic or haplontic species. Finally, we conclude by providing recommendations for sampling and analyzing the population genetics of partially clonal haplodiplontic taxa.

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Unraveling the mysteries of reproduction

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

The Exact Distributions of FIS under Partial Asexuality in Small Finite Populations with Mutation

The Exact Distributions of FIS under Partial Asexuality in Small Finite Populations with Mutation

cloncase: Estimation of sex frequency and effective population size by clonemate resampling in partially clonal organisms

The Combined Effect of Haplodiplonty and Partial Clonality on Genotypic and Genetic Diversity in a Finite Mutating Population

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