Unraveling the metabolite signatures of maize genotypes showing differential response towards southern corn leaf blight by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy

Vasmatkar, Pashupat; Kaur, Kamaljit; Pannu, P.P.S.; Kaur, Gurjit; Kaur, Harleen

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2019.101441

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nevertheless, some metabolomic studies have determined the existence of some differentiation of chemical compound dynamics during different plant growth stages in potato [61], soybeans [62], ginseng [63], and others herbaceous plants [64,65] that may have contributed to different biological activity of the plant, such as flowering period, or might be the result of variations on soil properties or environmental conditions [61,62]. Other studies have determined the effect of plant genotype on sap composition including birch trees [66], mango [67], maize [68] and grapevines [69]. Although there is no systematic analysis of how genotype influences plant metabolome and ionome, some predictions address these differences depending on the organism considered, the analytical technique used, the tissue sampled and, most significantly, the interaction of the genotype with the environment due to the compensatory role of metabolites to maintain metabolic homeostasis through the genetic adaptation to environmental stress [70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic, Ionomic and Microbial Characterization of Olive Xylem Sap Reveals Differences According to Plant Age and Genotype

et al. 2021

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Vascular pathogens are the causal agents of main diseases threatening the health and growth of olive crops worldwide. The use of endophytic microorganisms represents a challenging and promising strategy for management of vascular diseases in olive. Although current research has been focused on analyzing the structure and diversity of the endophytic microbial communities inhabiting the olive xylem, the characterization of this ecological niche has been overlooked and to date remain unexplored, despite that the characterization of the xylem sap composition is essential to unravel the nutritional requirements of xylem-limited microorganisms. In this study, branches from plantlets and adult olive trees of cultivars Picual and Arbequina were selected to characterize the chemical and microbial composition of olive xylem sap extracted using a Scholander pressure chamber. Metabolome and ionome analyses of xylem sap were performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based and by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. Olive xylem sap metabolites included a higher relative percentage of sugars (54.35%), followed by alcohols (28.85%), amino acids (8.01%), organic acids (7.68%), and osmolytes (1.12%). Within each of these groups, the main metabolites in the olive xylem sap were mannitol, ethanol, glutamine, acetic acid, and trigonelline, whereas K and Cl− were the main element and inorganic anion, respectively. Metabolomic profile varied when comparing olive plant age and genotype. The levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose and mannitol, choline, B and PO43− were significantly higher in adult trees than in plantlets for both olive genotypes, whereas NO3− and Rb content showed the opposite behavior. On the other hand, levels of aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and Na were significantly higher in ‘Picual’ than in ‘Arbequina’, whereas Fe showed the opposite behavior, but only for adult trees. Microbiome composition identified Firmicutes (67%), Proteobacteria (22%) and Actinobacteriota (11%) as the main phyla, while at the genus level Anoxybacillus (52%), Cutibacterium (7%), Massilia (6%), and Pseudomonas (3%) were the most representative. Both non-supervised hierarchical clustering analysis and supervised PLS-DA analysis differentiated xylem sap chemical and microbial composition first, according to the age of the plant and then by the olive genotype. PLS-DA analysis revealed that B, ethanol, Fe, fructose, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and Sr, and Anoxybacillus, Cutibacterium, and Bradyrhizobium were the most significant chemical compounds and bacterial genera, respectively, in the discrimination of adult olive trees and plantlets. Knowledge of the chemical composition of xylem sap will lead to a better understanding of the complex nutritional requirements of olive xylem-inhabiting microorganisms, including vascular pathogens and their potential antagonists, and may allow the better design of artificial growing media to improve the culturing of the olive microbiome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic, Ionomic and Microbial Characterization of Olive Xylem Sap Reveals Differences According to Plant Age and Genotype

et al. 2021

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“…Nevertheless, some metabolomic studies have determined the existence of some differentiation of chemical compound dynamics during different plant growth stages in potato [49], soybeans [50], ginseng [51] and others herbaceous plants [52,53] that may have contributed to different biological activity of the plant, such as flowering period, or might be the result of variations on soil properties or environmental conditions [49,50]. Other studies have determined the effect of plant genotype on sap composition including birch trees [54], mango [55], maize [56] and grapevines [57]. Although there is no systematic analysis of how genotype influences plant metabolome and ionome, some predictions address these differences depending on the organism considered, the analytical technique used, the tissue sampled and, most significantly, the interaction of the genotype with the environment due to the compensatory role of metabolites to maintain metabolic homeostasis through the genetic adaptation to environmental stress [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Characterization of Olive Xylem Sap Reveals Differences According to Plant Age and Genotype

Anguita-Maeso¹,

Haro²,

Montes-Borrego³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Vascular pathogens are the causal agents of main diseases threatening the health and growth of olive crops worldwide. The use of endophytic microorganisms represents a challenging and promising strategy for management of vascular diseases in olive. Although current research has been focused on analyzing the structure and diversity of the endophytic microbial communities inhabiting the olive xylem, the characterization of this ecological niche has been overlooked and to date remain unexplored, despite that the characterization of the xylem sap composition is essential to unravel the nutritional requirements of xylem-limited microorganisms. In this study, branches from plantlets and adult olive trees of cultivars ‘Picual’ and ‘Arbequina' were selected to characterize the chemical composition of olive xylem sap extracted using a Scholander pressure chamber. Metabolome and ionome analyses of xylem sap were performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based and by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. Olive xylem sap metabolites included a higher relative percentage of sugars (54.35%), followed by alcohols (28.85%), amino acids (8.01%), organic acids (7.68%) and osmolytes (1.12%). Within each of these groups, the main metabolites in the olive xylem sap were mannitol, ethanol, glutamine, acetate and trigonelline, whereas K and Cl- were the main element and inorganic anion, respectively. Metabolomic profile varied when comparing olive plant age and genotype. The levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose and mannitol, choline, B and PO43 were significantly higher in adult trees than in plantlets for both olive genotypes, whereas NO3- and Rb content showed the opposite behavior. On the other hand, levels of aspartate, phenylalanine and Na were significantly higher in ‘Picual’ than in ‘Arbequina’ whereas Fe showed the opposite behavior but only for adult trees. Non-supervised hierarchical clustering analysis separated xylem sap composition firstly according to the plant age and then by the olive cultivar. Supervised PLS-DA analysis revealed that B, ethanol, Fe, Fructose, glucose, mannitol, sucrose and Sr were the most significative compounds discriminating adult trees from plantlets, whereas asparagine, aspartate, glutamate and phenylalanine or aspartate, arginine, ethanol and Sr were the most contributory compounds in the discrimination of both olive genotypes for adult trees or plantlets, respectively. Knowledge of the chemical composition of xylem sap will lead to a better understanding of the complex nutritional requirements of olive xylem-inhabiting microorganisms, including its vascular pathogens, and would allow the design of artificial growing media to improve culturing the olive microbiome.

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“…In another experiment, FT-IR and NMR techniques were used to study the disease-resistant mechanism subjected to southern corn leaf blight attack. Metabolomic profiling showed the presence of lignin, flavonoids, and polyphenols that provide resistance against pathogens [184].…”

Section: Elucidation Of Biotic Stress Resistance In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics: A Way Forward for Crop Improvement

et al. 2019

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Metabolomics is an emerging branch of “omics” and it involves identification and quantification of metabolites and chemical footprints of cellular regulatory processes in different biological species. The metabolome is the total metabolite pool in an organism, which can be measured to characterize genetic or environmental variations. Metabolomics plays a significant role in exploring environment–gene interactions, mutant characterization, phenotyping, identification of biomarkers, and drug discovery. Metabolomics is a promising approach to decipher various metabolic networks that are linked with biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In this context, metabolomics-assisted breeding enables efficient screening for yield and stress tolerance of crops at the metabolic level. Advanced metabolomics analytical tools, like non-destructive nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), liquid chromatography mass-spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and direct flow injection (DFI) mass spectrometry, have sped up metabolic profiling. Presently, integrating metabolomics with post-genomics tools has enabled efficient dissection of genetic and phenotypic association in crop plants. This review provides insight into the state-of-the-art plant metabolomics tools for crop improvement. Here, we describe the workflow of plant metabolomics research focusing on the elucidation of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in plants. Furthermore, the potential of metabolomics-assisted breeding for crop improvement and its future applications in speed breeding are also discussed. Mention has also been made of possible bottlenecks and future prospects of plant metabolomics.

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Unraveling the metabolite signatures of maize genotypes showing differential response towards southern corn leaf blight by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Metabolomic, Ionomic and Microbial Characterization of Olive Xylem Sap Reveals Differences According to Plant Age and Genotype

Metabolomic, Ionomic and Microbial Characterization of Olive Xylem Sap Reveals Differences According to Plant Age and Genotype

Metabolomic Characterization of Olive Xylem Sap Reveals Differences According to Plant Age and Genotype

Metabolomics: A Way Forward for Crop Improvement

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