Unraveling the heterogeneous evolution of the microstructure and texture in the thermomechanically affected zone of commercially pure titanium during friction stir processing

Singh, Abhishek Kumar; Kaushik, Lalit; Pawar, Saurabh; Singh, Jaiveer; Das, Hrishikesh; Mondal, Mounarik; Hong, Sung-Tae; Choi, Shi‐Hoon

doi:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2022.107894

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This led to the conclusion that FSP has the potential to produce an improved microstructure and hence to yield improved mechanical properties. In all cases reported, the consensus in the literature seems to be that both the hardness [9][10][11]13] and the tensile properties [9] of the FSP'ed material are higher than those of the PM. With respect to fractography, the only reported fractography study was in Jiang et al [9] and this study was quite limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Titanium and its alloys are known for their high specific strength, high heat resistance, and high resistance to erosion and corrosion [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) was derived from friction stir welding (FSW) in 2000 and was first reported by Mishra et al [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because FSP is a severe plastic deformation process, it aims to attain a stir zone with a very fine grain size and hence to improve the mechanical properties of the material being processed. Applying FSW, and hence FSP, to Ti and its alloys is somewhat challenging due to the high melting temperature of titanium (1668 0 C), thus requiring welding tool materials that are more resistant to temperature and wear [3,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies, among them [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]21], have examined the microstructure obtained during FSP of commercially-pure (CP) Ti. Yet these studies are marked by many discrepancies, including the sizes and shapes of the grains as well as the influence of the processing parameters on grain shape and size and the metallurgical processes involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jiang et al [9] reported on an average grain size of 33.1 mm in the case of the PM, which decreased to 5.8 mm in the case of processing at 180 rpm, whereas processing at 270 rpm yielded a bimodal grain size distribution with an average value of 13 mm at the surface and 9.3 mm at 1 mm deep. Singh et al [10] reported on grain refinement from 11.61±6.69 mm down to about 1 mm at the SZ, using processing parameters of 600 rpm and 350 mm/min. Vakili-Azghandi et al [11] processed the material at 1400 rpm and 14 mm/min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Dynamic Recrystallization During Friction Stir Processing of Commercially Pure Ti and Its Influence on the Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties

Regev,

Spigarelli

2024

Preprint

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Friction stir processing (FSP), a severe plastic deformation process, was applied on commercially pure Ti to obtain an improved microstructure. The process yielded a refined microstructure and higher mechanical properties at room temperature (RT). Yet the microstructure was found to contain bright bands demonstrating high hardness values of about 500 HV. High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) as well as electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) analysis indicated that these bands were composed of extra-fine equiaxed α-Ti grains with an average radius of 1-2 microns. In addition, a retained β-phase was detected at the boundaries of these α-Ti grains, together with a small quantity of separate β grains. The results of a fractography study conducted on broken tensile specimens showed that the FSP’ed material was free of defects and that the fracture started at these bands. It is proposed that these bright bands are due to excessive deformation occurring during the processing stage, leading to an accelerated dynamic recrystallization (DRX) process. In turn, these heavy deformation regions act as a strengthening constituent, making the material superior to the parent material as far as its mechanical RT properties are concerned. Consequently, this means that FSP of CP-Ti has the potential to serve as an industrial means of improving the mechanical properties of the material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

On Dynamic Recrystallization During Friction Stir Processing of Commercially Pure Ti and Its Influence on the Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties

Regev,

Spigarelli

2024

Preprint

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Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir-Welded Pure Titanium

Regev,

Spigarelli

2024

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) plates were friction stir welded (FSWed) using a welding tool with a tungsten carbide (WC) pin. The bead-on-plate technique was applied to reduce the effects of welding defects, such as incomplete penetration. Whereas many papers have reported on creep studies of CP-Ti as well as on FSW of CP-Ti, no paper has investigated the creep behavior of a CP-Ti FSW’ed joint. Consequently, the current study focuses on this topic. The current paper, which is part of a broader research project, focuses on the metallurgical processes occurring during the creep of a FSW’ed CP-Ti joint at the temperature range of 550-650 °C. Based on the current study and previous results obtained by the authors, it can be concluded that the weld is not the weakest link. In every case, necking and creep fracture occurred in the parent material (PM), rather than either the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) or the stir zone (SZ), indicating that both zones are more creep-resistant than the parent material. Fractography showed that the fracture surface was typical of creep fracture and that the fracture mechanism was microvoid coalescence and also ruled out any preexisting defect. TEM study of broken crept specimens revealed randomly distributed dislocations but no evidence of grain refinement, hence leading to the conclusion that dislocation glide was the dominant creep mechanism. The technological implication of the current study is that the welding process is safe for use as far as its creep properties are concerned.

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An isoparametric inclusion model for determining the thermo-elastic fields produced by varying Eigen-temperature gradients

Li,

Borodich

et al. 2024

Applied Mathematical Modelling

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Unraveling the heterogeneous evolution of the microstructure and texture in the thermomechanically affected zone of commercially pure titanium during friction stir processing

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

On Dynamic Recrystallization During Friction Stir Processing of Commercially Pure Ti and Its Influence on the Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties

On Dynamic Recrystallization During Friction Stir Processing of Commercially Pure Ti and Its Influence on the Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties

Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir-Welded Pure Titanium

An isoparametric inclusion model for determining the thermo-elastic fields produced by varying Eigen-temperature gradients

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