Unraveling the gut-Lung axis: Exploring complex mechanisms in disease interplay

Eladham, Mariam Wed; Selvakumar, Balachandar; Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes; Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh; Ibrahim, Saleh Mohamed; Halwani, Rabih

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24032

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 137 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…The immune cells causing low-grade mucosal inflammation are the ones that identify them. The enhanced permeability of the duodenal mucosa and weakened epithelial barrier are the results of inflammatory cells' release of histamine, tryptase, and cytokines, which modify submucosal afferent neurons [75,[105][106][107].…”

Section: Inflammation In Fdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders within the Spectrum of Inflammatory Disorders Can Improve Classification and Diagnostics of These Disorders

Šojat,

Volarić,

Keškić

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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The spectrum, intensity, and overlap of symptoms between functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and other gastrointestinal disorders characterize patients with FGIDs, who are incredibly different in their backgrounds. An additional challenge with regard to the diagnosis of FGID and the applicability of a given treatment is the ongoing expansion of the risk factors believed to be connected to these disorders. Many cytokines and inflammatory cells have been found to cause the continuous existence of a low level of inflammation, which is thought to be a basic pathophysiological process. The idea of the gut–brain axis has been created to offer a basic framework for the complex interactions that occur between the nervous system and the intestinal functions, including the involvement of gut bacteria. In this review paper, we intend to promote the hypothesis that FGIDs should be seen through the perspective of the network of the neuroendocrine, immunological, metabolic, and microbiome pathways. This hypothesis arises from an increased understanding of chronic inflammation as a systemic disorder, that is omnipresent in chronic health conditions. A better understanding of inflammation’s role in the pathogenesis of FGIDs can be achieved by clustering markers of inflammation with data indicating symptoms, comorbidities, and psycho-social factors. Finding subclasses among related entities of FGIDs may reduce patient heterogeneity and help clarify the pathophysiology of this disease to allow for better treatment.

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Section: Inflammation In Fdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders within the Spectrum of Inflammatory Disorders Can Improve Classification and Diagnostics of These Disorders

Šojat,

Volarić,

Keškić

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Immune mRNA Expression and Fecal Microbiome Composition Change Induced by Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) Supplementation in Aged Mice: A Pilot Study

Villanueva,

Huang,

Tyan

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: The aging process has always been associated with a higher susceptibility to chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Several studies have demonstrated the gut microbiome’s influence on the lungs through cross-talk or the gut–lungs axis maintaining nutrient-rich microenvironments. Taiwan djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics that could modulate the gut microbiome. This could induce the gut–lung axis through microbial cross-talk, thus favoring the modulation of lung inflammation. Materials and Methods: Here, we investigate the immune mRNA expression in the spleen, fecal microbiome composition, and hyperplasia of the bronchial epithelium in aged 2-year-old BALB/c mice after 60 days of supplementation of djulis. Results: The pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β, T; cells CD4 and CD8; and TLRs TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 were reduced in their mRNA expression levels, while the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 were highly expressed in the C. formosanum-treated group. Interestingly, the fecal microbiome composition analysis indicated higher diversity in the C. formosanum-treated group and the presence of butyrate-producing bacteria that are beneficial in the gut microbiome. The histopathology showed reduced hyperplasia of the bronchial epithelium based on the degree of lesions. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Taiwan djulis can modulate the gut microbiome, leading to microbial cross-talk; reducing the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, T cells, and TLRs; and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines in the spleen, as cytokines migrate in the lungs, preventing lung inflammation damage in aged mice or the gut–lung axis. Thus, Taiwan djulis could be considered a beneficial dietary component for the older adult population. The major limitation includes a lack of protein validation of cytokines and TLRs and quantification of the T cell population in the spleen as a marker of the gut–lung axis.

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Probiotic Supplementation in the Neonatal Age Group and the Risk of Hospitalisation in the First Two Years: A Data Linkage Study from Western Australia

Srinivasjois,

Gebremedhin,

Silva

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Background: Probiotic supplementation in preterm neonates is standard practice in many centres across the globe. The impact of probiotic supplementation in the neonatal age group on the risk of hospitalisation in infancy has not been reported previously. Methods: Infants born < 32 + 6 weeks of gestation in Western Australia were eligible for inclusion. We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing data from before probiotic supplementation (Epoch 1: 1 December 2008–30 November 2010, n = 1238) versus after (Epoch 2: 1 June 2012–30 May 2014, n = 1422) on the risks of respiratory- and gastrointestinal infection–related hospitalisation. A subgroup analysis of infants born < 28 weeks of gestation was analysed separately for similar outcomes. Results: Compared to Epoch 1, an 8% reduction in incidence of hospitalisation up to 2 years after birth was observed in Epoch 2 (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.87–0.98), adjusted for gestational age, smoking, socioeconomic status, and maternal age. The rate of hospitalisation for infants born < 28 weeks of gestation was comparable in epochs 1 and 2. Conclusion: Infants exposed to probiotic supplementation in the neonatal period experience a reduced risk of hospitalisation in the first two years after discharge from the neonatal unit.

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Unraveling the gut-Lung axis: Exploring complex mechanisms in disease interplay

Cited by 4 publications

References 137 publications

Putting Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders within the Spectrum of Inflammatory Disorders Can Improve Classification and Diagnostics of These Disorders

Putting Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders within the Spectrum of Inflammatory Disorders Can Improve Classification and Diagnostics of These Disorders

Immune mRNA Expression and Fecal Microbiome Composition Change Induced by Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) Supplementation in Aged Mice: A Pilot Study

Probiotic Supplementation in the Neonatal Age Group and the Risk of Hospitalisation in the First Two Years: A Data Linkage Study from Western Australia

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