Unraveling the Complexities: Factors Influencing Conviction Rates in Violence against Women (VAW) Cases in Northern Bangladesh

Abstract

This study aims to examine the complex dynamics involved in adjudicating violence against women (VAW) cases within urban settings in Bangladesh, with a focus on the determinants that affect conviction outcomes. Adopting a qualitative research methodology, this inquiry gathers insights from in-depth interviews with 17 key stakeholders, including judges, lawyers, and police officials, within the metropolitan areas of northern Bangladesh. This primary data is further enriched by field observations (court, police station, medical college, and victim support center). The investigation reveals significant procedural deficiencies and systemic challenges encountered during the pre-trial stages of violence against women (VAW) litigation. These include delays in filing complaints, inaccuracies in First Information Reports (FIRs), lapses in evidence preservation, lack of witness cooperation, and discrepancies in medical documentation. The study identifies overarching issues such as inadequate training for investigative officers, substandard evidence collection practices, and the scarcity of forensic expertise as pivotal factors that negatively influence conviction rates. Furthermore, it emphasizes the crucial yet strained role of public prosecutors, who grapple with excessive caseloads, insufficient resources, and a lack of specialized support. This research contributes novel insights into the complexities of prosecuting violence against women (VAW) cases in Bangladesh’s urban centers, highlighting critical inefficiencies within its criminal justice system.