Unraveling dynamic metabolomes underlying different maturation stages of berries harvested from Panax ginseng

Lee, Mee Youn; Seo, Han Sol; Singh, Devendra; Lee, Sang Jun; Lee, Choong Hwan

doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2019.02.002

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…A total of 20 metabolites were identified in GB samples based on fragmentation patterns of NIST library, retention index, and an in-house library of our lab made by standard chemicals. Metabolites identified in this study included some amino acids, organic acids, and sugars, consistent with recently reported results of metabolic changes of GB during maturation stages [16,21,22]. Table 1 shows changes of these identified metabolites during ripening of GB.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The ripening stage of GB is considered another important factor in determining the quality and efficacy of fruit as in all plants. Lee et al [21] have reported that most ginsenosides are relatively abundant in GB during preharvest stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, metabolomics studies have revealed that the metabolic profile of GB varies according to different ripening stages using liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) [21] and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) [13,22]. However, no single analytical platform can observe all metabolites in a sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomic Approach for Discrimination of Cultivation Age and Ripening Stage in Ginseng Berry Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2019

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The purpose of this study was to analyze metabolic differences of ginseng berries according to cultivation age and ripening stage using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics method. Ginseng berries were harvested every week during five different ripening stages of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng. Using identified metabolites, a random forest machine learning approach was applied to obtain predictive models for the classification of cultivation age or ripening stage. Principal component analysis (PCA) score plot showed a clear separation by ripening stage, indicating that continuous metabolic changes occurred until the fifth ripening stage. Three-year-old ginseng berries had higher levels of valine, glutamic acid, and tryptophan, but lower levels of lactic acid and galactose than four-year-old ginseng berries at fully ripened stage. Metabolic pathways affected by different cultivation age were involved in amino acid metabolism pathways. A random forest machine learning approach extracted some important metabolites for predicting cultivation age or ripening stage with low error rate. This study demonstrates that different cultivation ages or ripening stages of ginseng berry can be successfully discriminated using a GC-MS-based metabolomic approach together with random forest analysis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomic Approach for Discrimination of Cultivation Age and Ripening Stage in Ginseng Berry Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2019

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“…A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The GC-TOF-MS raw data processing and multivariate statistical analysis were conducted as described in our previous study [ 28 ]. Raw data were converted to a NetCDF format (*.cdf) using ChromaTOF (version 4.44, LECO).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-TOF-MS-Based Metabolomic Analysis and Evaluation of the Effects of HX106, a Nutraceutical, on ADHD-Like Symptoms in Prenatal Alcohol Exposed Mice

Lee

Jeon

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in children characterized by inattention and hyperactivity. Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can disrupt fetal neuronal development and cause an ADHD-like hyperactive behavior in the offspring. In this study, we hypothesized that metabolic disturbance would involve in ADHD neuropathology and aimed to investigate the changes in metabolite profile in PAE-induced ADHD-like model and the effects of HX106, a nutraceutical, on ADHD-like pathophysiology and metabolite changes. To this end, we administered HX106 to the mouse offspring affected by PAE (OPAE) and assessed the hyperactivity using the open field test. We observed that HX106-treated OPAE showed less hyperactive behavior than vehicle-treated OPAE. The effects of HX106 were found to be related to the regulation of dopamine transporter and D2 dopamine receptor expression. Furthermore, using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we explored the metabolite changes among the experimental groups. The metabolite profile, particularly related with the amino acids, linoleic acid and amino sugar pathways, was altered by PAE and reversed by HX106 treatment partially similar to that observed in the control group. Overall, this study suggest that metabolite alteration would be involved in ADHD pathology and that HX106 can be an efficient supplement to overcome ADHD by regulating dopamine signaling-related protein expression and metabolite changes.

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“…A recent study reported the alterations of metabolomes during five different ginseng berry maturation stages and their effects on the functional bioactive compounds in ginseng [18]. Thus, information regarding the optimal harvest time of ginseng berry is needed to standardize the collection and pretreatment process of the plant material for its further development as functional foods or medicinal preparations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Harvest Time on Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Panax ginseng Berry Extracts

et al. 2019

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Ginseng (Panax ginseng) has long been used as a traditional medicine for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Generally, the harvest time and age of ginseng have been regarded as important factors determining the efficacy of ginseng. However, most studies have mainly focused on the root of ginseng, while studies on other parts of ginseng such as its berry have been relatively limited. Thus, the aim of this study iss to determine effects of harvest time on yields, phenolics/ginsenosides contents, and the antioxidant/anti-elastase activities of ethanol extracts of three- and four-year-old ginseng berry. In both three- and fourfour-year-old ginseng berry extracts, antioxidant and anti-elastase activities tended to increase as berries ripen from the first week to the last week of July. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis has revealed that contents of ginsenosides except Rg1 tend to be the highest in fourfour-year-old ginseng berries harvested in early July. These results indicate that biological activities and ginsenoside profiles of ginseng berry extracts depend on their age and harvest time in July, suggesting the importance of harvest time in the development of functional foods and medicinal products containing ginseng berry extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the influence of harvest time on the biological activity and ginsenoside contents of ginseng berry extracts.

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Unraveling dynamic metabolomes underlying different maturation stages of berries harvested from Panax ginseng

Cited by 22 publications

References 69 publications

Metabolomic Approach for Discrimination of Cultivation Age and Ripening Stage in Ginseng Berry Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Metabolomic Approach for Discrimination of Cultivation Age and Ripening Stage in Ginseng Berry Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

GC-TOF-MS-Based Metabolomic Analysis and Evaluation of the Effects of HX106, a Nutraceutical, on ADHD-Like Symptoms in Prenatal Alcohol Exposed Mice

Effects of Harvest Time on Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Panax ginseng Berry Extracts

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