Unraveling bacterial networks and their antimicrobial susceptibility on silicon microarchitectures using intrinsic phase-shift spectroscopy

Leonard, Heidi; Holtzman, Liran; Haimov, Yuri; Weizman, Daniel; Kashi, Yechezkel; Nativ, Ofer; Halachmi, Sarel; Segal, Ester

doi:10.1117/12.2287655

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Silicon nanowires were employed as field effect transistors in a lab-on-a-chip device to monitor metabolic activity of bacteria, while silicon micropillars were employed as an optical phase grating for real-time monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility and MIC determinations as depicted in Figure B . The silicon micropillars, as well as silicon microwells, constitute tunable diffraction gratings and show promise for low-cost multiplexing as they have been incorporated into disposable acrylic devices suitable for 10 measurements in a single test …”

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“…132 The silicon micropillars, as well as silicon microwells, constitute tunable diffraction gratings and show promise for low-cost multiplexing as they have been incorporated into disposable acrylic devices suitable for 10 measurements in a single test. 133 Other sensing modalities, such as measurements of photoluminescence over time as a function of photocorrosion related to the presence of bacteria in luminescent GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well microstructures, have also served as a proof-ofconcept platform for AST. 134 While quartz crystal microbalance techniques have been used for AST platforms, Reyes et al incorporated a nanotextured magnesium zinc oxide surface to enhance the sensitivity and biocompatibility of their sensing surface.…”

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Recent Advances in the Race to Design a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Antimicrobial Resistance

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Even with advances in antibiotic therapies, bacterial infections persistently plague society and have amounted to one of the most prevalent issues in healthcare today. Moreover, the improper and excessive administration of antibiotics has led to resistance of many pathogens to prescribed therapies, rendering such antibiotics ineffective against infections. While the identification and detection of bacteria in a patient's sample is critical for point-of-care diagnostics and in a clinical setting, the consequent determination of the correct antibiotic for a patienttailored therapy is equally crucial. As a result, many recent research efforts have been focused on the development of sensors and systems that correctly guide a physician to the best antibiotic to prescribe for an infection, which can in turn, significantly reduce the instances of antibiotic resistance and the evolution of bacteria "superbugs." This review details the advantages and shortcomings of the recent advances (focusing from 2016 and onward) made in the developments of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) measurements. Detection of antibiotic resistance by genomic AST techniques relies on the prediction of antibiotic resistance via extracted bacterial DNA content, while phenotypic determinations typically track physiological changes in cells and/ or populations exposed to antibiotics. Regardless of the method used for AST, factors such as cost, scalability, and assay time need to be weighed into their design. With all of the expansive innovation in the field, which technology and sensing systems demonstrate the potential to detect antimicrobial resistance in a clinical setting?

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Recent Advances in the Race to Design a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Antimicrobial Resistance

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“…1D-i and 1D-ii). Whereas in previous works [28][29][30][31][32][33] the values of 2nL were monitored over time, in this assay, the intensity of the reflected light is tracked, as A. niger tends to grow on top of the silicon microwells resulting in a decrease in peak intensity. The percent change in peak intensity of the fast Fourier spectrum, ΔI, of the reflected light over time is calculated as:…”

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“…28 Previously, phase-shift reflectometric interference spectroscopic measurements (PRISM) was demonstrated to monitor antibiotic susceptibility and the behavior of bacteria within microstructured arrays. [29][30][31][32][33] Reflectance spectra of the arrays were collected over time in order to infer values of 2nL, in which n represents refractive index of the medium within the arrays and L represents the height of the microstructures. However, due to the different behavior and morphology of filamentous fungi compared to bacteria, herein we apply intensity-based PRISM, referred to as iPRISM, as a principle for the detection of microorganisms and as a tool for label-free, phenotypic antifungal susceptibility testing using fungal species A. niger as a model microorganism.…”

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Antifungal susceptibility testing ofAspergillus nigeron silicon microwells by intensity-based reflectometric interference spectroscopy

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Leonard

Nitzan

et al. 2019

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The increasing number of invasive fungal infections among immunocompromised patients and the emergence of antifungal resistant pathogens has resulted in the need for rapid and reliable antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). Accelerating antifungal susceptibility testing allows for advanced treatment decisions and the reduction in future instances of antifungal resistance.In this work, we demonstrate the application of a silicon phase grating as sensor for the detection of growth of Aspergillus niger (A. niger) by intensity-based reflectometric interference spectroscopy and its use as an antifungal susceptibility test. The silicon gratings provide a solid-liquid interface to capture micron-sized Aspergillus conidia within microwell arrays. Fungal growth is optically tracked and detected by the reduction in the intensity of reflected light from the silicon grating. The growth of A. niger in the presence of various concentrations of the antifungal agents voriconazole and amphotericin B is investigated by intensity-based reflectometric interference spectroscopy and used for the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), which are compared to standard broth microdilution testing. This assay allows for expedited detection of fungal growth and provides a label-free alternative to standard antifungal susceptibility testing methods, such as broth microdilution and agar diffusion methods.

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Unraveling bacterial networks and their antimicrobial susceptibility on silicon microarchitectures using intrinsic phase-shift spectroscopy

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Recent Advances in the Race to Design a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Antimicrobial Resistance

Recent Advances in the Race to Design a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Antimicrobial Resistance

Antifungal susceptibility testing ofAspergillus nigeron silicon microwells by intensity-based reflectometric interference spectroscopy

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