Unplanned Urbanization Promotes the Proliferation of Disease Vector Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)~!2009-05-22~!2009-08-14~!2010-02-04~!

Abstract

Malaria is a vector-borne disease transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. These mosquitoes reproduce themselves in collections of natural or artificial water. To control them, chemical insecticides are intensively sprayed. This intensive use of chemicals has led to the development of resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides. As result, the control of mosquito is increasingly difficult. It is therefore important to look for other control methods against the malaria vector for the elaboration of an integrated mosquito management programme. The aim of the present work is to assess the impact of urbanization on the proliferation of mosquitoes in Benin, West Africa. The entomological data are correlated with the three levels of urbanization that characterize the areas covered by the present study. The density of mosquitoes' larva according to the 3 levels of urbanization is determined and the mosquitoes' fauna and density in regard to the environment compared. High amount of mosquitoe larval breeding sites are encountered in the non-urbanized districts (unplanned urbanization) whereas the urbanized districts contain no mosquito larval breeding sites at all. The majority of adult mosquitoes collected came from the districts where urbanization is anarchical or not well planned. These results have permitted to conclude that unplanned urbanization is a factor that favours the proliferation of mosquitoes. It is therefore suggested to consider well planned urbanization and cleaning up of unhealthy locations as an important part of mosquitoes control programmes.

Essential Oil from Bush Mint, Hyptis suaveolens, is as Effective as DEET for Personal Protection against Mosquito Bites

“…Moreover, Toe-Pare et al [15] have shown that people's motivation to use mosquito nets considerably decreased less than a year after the campaigns and people prefer to spend night without insecticidal nets. Therefore, mosquito net is not sufficient to effectively control malaria vectors, especially in the West African countries where urbanization promotes the proliferation of mosquitoes [16]. Consequently, to achieve successful vectors control and reduce substantially the prevalence of malaria and other vector-borne diseases, an integrated management of these vectors must be adopted as recommended Okech et al [17].…”

Effet Répulsif de Faibles Concentrations de l’Huile Essentielle de Clausena anisata (Rutaceae) contre les Moustiques (Diptera : Culicidae) au Bénin (Afrique de l’Ouest)

“…Notons qu'en Afrique subsaharienne, les moustiquaires imprégnées d'insecticide chimique sont recommandées dans la lutte contre les moustiques vecteurs de maladies. Néanmoins ces moustiquaires ne suffisent pas pour lutter contre ces vecteurs (Abagli et al 2012), surtout dans les conditions d'Afrique de l'ouest où l'urbanisation anarchique ou mal planifiée permet la prolifération des moustiques (Alavo et al 2010). En réalité, les populations humaines, avant d'aller se coucher sous les moustiquaires imprégnées, se font piquées par les moustiques qui leur transmettent la maladie.…”

Land use and land cover change and its impacts on dengue dynamics in China: A systematic review

“…These areas were featured by increased adult emergence rate and larval survival rate, short larval development time, and extended life span [ 71 ]. A study on other species of mosquitoes also suggested that the urban fringe zone could increase the risk of dengue by providing a large area of suitable breeding sites [ 90 ]. LULC changes, such as decreasing water bodies and vegetation, and population shifts that happened in the process of urbanization led to spatiotemporally changed patterns of urban heat islands [ 91 ].…”