Unplanned Quitting in a Triethnic Sample of U.S. Smokers

Resnicow, Ken; Zhou, Yan; Scheuermann, Taneisha S.; Nollen, Nicole L.; Ahluwalia, Jasjit S.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt272

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This is consistent with most reports that increasing cost is the tobacco control activity that most reliably increases quitting (Resnicow et al, 2014) but contrasts with retrospective surveys that most frequently report health reasons and/or physician advice are the main reasons for quitting (McCaul et al, 2006). The only prior study specifically examining environmental cues asked quitters to retrospectively report which cues contributed to their making a quit attempt (Ussher et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…One of the reasons for this focus was that several retrospective surveys (Resnicow et al, 2014) and our prospective study (Hughes et al, 2014) found that 23-73% of quit attempts appear to be spontaneous; i.e., on the day prior to the quit attempt there was no plan to quit the next day. One possible cause of such spontaneous attempts is that the introspective states have increased over time and finally reached some threshold level that lead to a quit attempt (West, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Do environmental cues prompt attempts to stop smoking? A prospective natural history study

Hughes¹,

Naud²,

Fingar³

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Introduction We prospectively tested whether environmental cues prompts attempts to stop smoking. Methods We recruited 134 smokers who intended to quit in the next 3 months to complete nightly calls to report cues as well as smoking status, intentions to smoke or not on the next day, and quit attempts over 12 weeks. We provided no treatment. Results Participants averaged 6.5 cues/week. The most common cues were embarrassment, cost of cigarettes and messages in the media. The number of cues over a 7-day period predicted the incidence of a quit attempt on the eighth day (e.g. from 1.5% when no cues occurred to 3% when 7 cues occurred during the 7 days). This effect was dose-dependent and was due to both between and within-subject predictors. Five cues predicted quit attempts. A cue that made smokers concerned about the cost of cigarettes appeared to be the strongest cue. Cues on the day prior were not more powerful predictors than more distal cues. Intention to not smoke the next day on the evening prior to the eighth day was a partial mediator of the effect of cues on quit attempts. Retrospective recall of cues was poor. Conclusions Our results suggest the occurrence of cues may be a cause of quit attempts and that programs to increase the frequency of cues may increase quit attempts. Further research should examine whether environmental cues and introspective states (e.g. self-efficacy) interact to prompt quit attempts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Do environmental cues prompt attempts to stop smoking? A prospective natural history study

Hughes¹,

Naud²,

Fingar³

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Quit attempts are also a known predictor of smoking cessation, but few studies have considered the associations between race/ethnicity, the origins of attempts, and abstinence. Resnicow et al [22] examined the relationship between planning to quit and length of abstinence in a sample of African Americans, Whites, and Hispanics. Among Whites, unplanned quit attempts (versus planned quitting) were related to more days of abstinence.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Smoking Cessation Among Racial/ethnimentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Cessation Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities, 2010–2014

2015

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The purpose of this study was to systematically review recent empirical literature on smoking cessation in racial/ethnic minority groups. Specifically, we focused on smoking cessation intervention trials and investigations of factors associated with cessation. Studies published between 2010 and September 2014 were considered. Nine smoking cessation intervention trials and 16 studies examining correlates of smoking behavior were published in within the past 3 years. Results demonstrated promise for varenicline in facilitating cessation among African Americans and Hispanics, and culturally specific behavioral counseling appears to be efficacious among Asian Americans. In trans-group comparisons, racial/ethnic minorities reported greater quit attempts compared to Whites; yet success may be reduced due to factors such as menthol smoking, low pharmacotherapy use, and lower readiness to quit. Recommendations for evidence-based interventions and future research are offered.

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“…35,36,73,74,78,79,91,92 For the current review, 15 publications were identified as including information on smoking frequency. 46,67,83,86,89,[93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] Nearly all of the new studies provide evidence of either no difference or less frequent smoking among menthol smokers. Studies supporting that menthol smokers are not more likely than nonmenthol smokers to be daily smokers or to smoke more frequently include multiple publications with adjusted analyses of large and representative survey data 35,67,74,79,83,92,97 and unadjusted analyses from other representative and large studies.…”

Section: Smoking Frequencymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For the current review, 60 relevant publications with comparisons were identified. 6,28,29,[44][45][46][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]59,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][84][85][86]89,[93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102]105,[107][108][109][110][125][126][127][128][129]…”

Section: Cigarettes Per Day (Cpd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of dependence in menthol and nonmenthol smokers - A comprehensive narrative review

Frost-Pineda

Heck

Curtin

2020

Journal of Addictive Diseases

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Introduction. More than a decade ago, concerns were raised that menthol in cigarettes might enhance addiction to smoking. This article provides a comprehensive review of published studies examining cigarette dependence among menthol and nonmenthol smokers. The purpose of the review is to evaluate the scientific evidence to determine if menthol increases cigarette dependence. Materials and Methods. The published literature was searched in 2019 for studies that provide evidence on cigarette dependence among menthol compared to nonmenthol smokers. Included in this review are published studies that compare menthol and nonmenthol smokers based on widely accepted and validated measures of dependence, or other established predictors of dependence (age of smoking initiation [first cigarette]/age of progression [regular/daily smoking]) and indicators of dependence (smoking frequency, cigarettes smoked per day, time to first cigarette after waking, night waking to smoke, smoking duration). Results and Conclusion. Based on a review of the available studies, including those with adjusted results and large representative samples, reliable and consistent empirical evidence supports a conclusion that menthol smokers are not more dependent than nonmenthol smokers and thus menthol in cigarettes does not increase dependence.

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Unplanned Quitting in a Triethnic Sample of U.S. Smokers

Abstract: Smokers who report quitting without prior planning have been shown to report longer abstinence compared with those who planned. Little is known about unplanned quitting (UQ) among U.S. smokers, minorities, or nondaily and light smokers.

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Do environmental cues prompt attempts to stop smoking? A prospective natural history study

Do environmental cues prompt attempts to stop smoking? A prospective natural history study

Smoking Cessation Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities, 2010–2014

Measures of dependence in menthol and nonmenthol smokers - A comprehensive narrative review

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