Unpasteurised milk consumption as a potential risk factor for toxoplasmosis in females with recurrent pregnancy loss

Rehman, Farhat; Shah, Mohsin; Ali, Asif; Ahmad, Irshad; Sarwar, Muhammad Tahir; Rapisarda, Agnese Maria Chiara; Cianci, Antonio

doi:10.1080/01443615.2019.1702630

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It is known that felines play a role in the spread of oocysts to the environment. Therefore, it is emphasized that people should be more careful about hygiene rules in their relations with cats ( 13 ). In a study, waterborne toxoplasmosis has been reported from Brazil, in both epidemics as well as endemic transmission patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in blood donors applied to the blood center of Gazi University Hospital

Yılmaz¹,

Yazıcı²,

Turk³

2021

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening zoonotic infection in immunosuppressive individuals. Determining the prevalence and seropositivity rates of toxoplasmosis in asymptomatic blood donors is crucial in terms of the risk status of the transmission of this infection to the blood recipients. Materials and Methods: In this study, the presence and level of the specific Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies in blood donors was investigated by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). The statistical significance levels between Toxoplasma seropositivity and demographic characteristics of the donors such as age, educational status, raw meat consumption, drinking water supply were examined. Results: Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity was found among the 225 (25.6%) of the donors present in the study group, while IgM seropositivity was detected in 20 donors (2.3%). The number of donors with only IgM (+) was 8 (0.9%). Both IgG and IgM seropositivities were found in 12 donors (1.4%). Conclusion: Our study provides information about Toxoplasma seropositivity based on the samples collected from the donors who were admitted to the blood center of a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey. This study demonstrates that Toxoplasma seropositivity is high in the rural areas and the regions where the education level is low.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in blood donors applied to the blood center of Gazi University Hospital

Yılmaz¹,

Yazıcı²,

Turk³

2021

IJM

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“…Considering the transmission of T. gondii to the fetus during pregnancy, it is highly important to determine its transmission through milk. The molecular detection of T. gondii DNA in milk and proving the transmission by this way may make worrying finding for the public health ( 38 ). In Egypt, positive specific IgG-IFAT in the serum of 16 rural and 6 urban women as well as in the milk of 10 rural and 2 urban women was found ( 39 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii in Milk of Human and Goat from the Desert Area in Central Iran

Khamsian¹,

Hajimohammadi²,

Eslami³

et al. 2021

IJPA

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan, causes toxoplasmosis. The aim of this study was molecular detection of T. gondii in breast and goat milk samples by the molecular method in the central Iran. Methods: Totally, 300 human' and 200 goats' milk samples were collected randomly from different regions of central Iran in 2018. DNA extraction was performed by the salting-out method. Molecular detection of the parasite was done by nested-PCR using the specific primer pairs. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 23 using descriptive and Chi-square tests. Results: Out of 300 human milk samples, 1 sample (0.3%) was infected with T. gondii. Out of 200 samples of goat milk, 11 samples (5.5%) showed infection with T. gondii. The frequency of infection in goat's milk samples was 4.36% in the south and west, 1.9% in northern regions, and 2% in eastern regions of the province. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between toxoplasmosis and different geographical regions in the province. Conclusion: Because of the popularity of the goat milk and the transfection probability with the milk to humans, it is recommended to boil milk prior to use. Furthermore, case contamination of T. gondii in the human milk sample showed one of the important paths for infection transmission, which requires further studies.

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“…The ingestion of unpasteurized milk has been found to have potential risks and sources of T. gondii infection for children living in rural areas ( Radon et al., 2004 ). Moreover, consumption of unpasteurized milk also elevates the potential risk factor for toxoplasmosis in females with recurrent pregnancy loss ( Rehman et al., 2020 ). The latest China Statistical Yearbook has reported about 2.53 million donkeys in China in 2018 ( Luoyizha et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Specific IgG-Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in the Serum and Milk of Domestic Donkeys During Lactation in China: A Potential Public Health Concern

Chen

Zhao

Meng³

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide zoonotic protozoan. Donkeys are often susceptible to many pathological agents, acting as carriers of pathogens for other animal species and humans. However, data on the prevalence of T. gondii in donkeys during lactation and on the status of antibodies against T. gondii in donkey milk are lacking. A cross-sectional study evaluated the variation of the anti-T. gondii antibodies in the blood and milk of domestic donkeys during lactation. A total of 418 domestic donkeys were randomly selected from the Shandong province, eastern China from January 2019 to March 2020. The anti-T. gondii antibodies were found in 11.72% (49/418) serum and 9.81% (41/418) milk samples using a commercial ELISA kit, respectively. There was a very high consistency between the serum and milk (Spearman’s coefficient = 0.858, p-value < 0.0001 and Kendall’s tau = 0.688, p-value < 0.0001), particularly at the 45th to 60th day of lactation. The present results of the statistical analysis showed that the history of abortion (p = 0.026; adjusted OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.15–4.20) and cat in the house (p = 0.008; adjusted OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.26–4.44) were significantly associated with T. gondii infection in the domestic donkeys. This is the first report to detect antibodies against T. gondii in donkey milk in China. These results indicate a potential risk of humans contracting the infection through the consumption of raw milk from the naturally infected donkeys.

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Unpasteurised milk consumption as a potential risk factor for toxoplasmosis in females with recurrent pregnancy loss

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Assessment of seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in blood donors applied to the blood center of Gazi University Hospital

Assessment of seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in blood donors applied to the blood center of Gazi University Hospital

Toxoplasma gondii in Milk of Human and Goat from the Desert Area in Central Iran

Detection of Specific IgG-Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in the Serum and Milk of Domestic Donkeys During Lactation in China: A Potential Public Health Concern

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