Unos baños altoimperiales en la villa romana de Casas de Luján, Segóbriga (Saelices, Cuenca)

Unravelling social status in the first medieval military order of the Iberian Peninsula using isotope analysis

“…From the 25 human and 19 fauna samples, we selected 1 osteological sample per individual for δ 15 N and δ 13 C analyses. Following, the rejection of samples that failed to meet collagen quality requirements (C:N atomic ratios, % collagen) we were left with a total of 43 from 44 samples, after rejecting the individual COC(CL)17 because of lack of collagen (Table 1).…”

“…Following, the rejection of samples that failed to meet collagen quality requirements (C:N atomic ratios, % collagen) we were left with a total of 43 from 44 samples, after rejecting the individual COC(CL)17 because of lack of collagen (Table 1). Stable isotope results for all analysed terrestrial fauna from the castle of the Zorita de los Canes (n = 19) range between 3.3 ‰ and 8.1 ‰ for δ 15 N (Mean ± SD = 5.9 ± 1.4 ‰) and between − 22.0 ‰ and − 16.1 ‰ for δ 13 C (Mean ± SD = − 20.4 ± 1.3 ‰) (Fig. 3; Table 1).…”

“…3; Table 1). A statistical comparison among terrestrial species revealed significant differences (determined using Kruskal-Wallis tests and Mann-Whitney pairwise test for equal medians) in δ 15 N and δ 13 13 C values. Additionally, significant differences were found between ovicaprines and Gallus gallus specifically for the δ 15 N values (see Tab.…”

“…This victory also meant the recovery of the old fortress of Calatrava la Vieja (Carrión de Calatrava, Ciudad Real, Spain), and the transfer of the headquarters of the order once again, but this time to the Castle-Monastery of Calatrava la Nueva (Aldea del Rey, Ciudad Real, Spain). The territorial progress of Christian forces, which culminated in 1492 CE with the capture of the city of Granada, ensured the continued control of the castle by the warrior monks of Calatrava until its abandonment in the 16th century CE 13,14 .…”

“…2). The precise commencement of its usage as a cemetery remains a topic of debate; however, some scholars propose that it may have originated towards the conclusion of the 12th century and spanning to the 15th century CE 24 . Osteological studies have revealed that most individuals interred in this cemetery were primarily adult men of varying ages.…”