Unoccupied electronic structure of phthalocyanine films

Abstract

Very high-efficiency green organic light-emitting devices based on electrophosphorescence Applied Physics Letters 75, 4 (1999);

Different approaches to adjusting band offsets at intermolecular interfaces

“…For CuPc deposited on Au [23] (Figure 4a), we found qualitative agreement with prior photoemission [8,[22][23][24][25] and inverse photoemission [23,26] experimental data. The positions of the band edges, as determined by photoemission and inverse photoemission at room temperature, do not directly demonstrate that CuPc is strongly more p-type relative to P(VDF-TrFE).…”

“…Both polyaniline [12,[18][19][20][21] and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films [8,13,[22][23][24][25][26][27] (schematically illustrated in Figure 5) can be produced by vapor deposition compatible with ultrahigh vacuum photoemission. These films can be grown very thin (100 Å or less) and are free of solvent contamination.…”

Changing band offsets in copper phthalocyanine to copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene) heterojunctions

“…6͒ ͓Fig. 2͑a͔͒, there is qualitative agreement with prior photoemission [4][5][6]16,17 and inverse photoemission 6,20 experimental data. The positions of the band edges, as determined by photoemission and inverse photoemission at room temperature, suggest that P͑VDF-TrFE͒ is n type, as previously noted, 9 while CuPc is more p type relative to P͑VDF-TrFE͒.…”

“…4, 5, 16, and 17 for CuPc and Refs. 18 and 19 for P͑VDF-TrFE͒ and related substrates 6,20 ͔. The thin films thickness was dictated by a need to ensure layers free of pin holes while still as thin as possible to diminish contributions of final state photoemission effects.…”

Crystal fields of porphyrins and phthalocyanines from polarization-dependent 2p-to-3d multiplets

“…5 There is a substantial amount of literature on the characteristic multiplet structure of the metal 2p-to-3d transitions in such molecules. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] For Mn see Refs. 16 Here we focus on the crystal field generated by the negatively charged N atoms surrounding the central metal ion of porphyrins and phthalocyanines.…”