Unmasking the Effects of Aerosols on Greenhouse Warming Over Europe

Glantz, Paul; Fawole, Olusegun G.; Ström, Johan; Wild, Martin; Noone, Kevin J.

doi:10.1029/2021jd035889

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The past four decades have seen a rising trend in temperature and declining trend in humidity on average. Consequently, the average monthly temperature has risen from 25.6°C to 26.8°C, which is faster than the global temperature rise of around 0.7°C in the same period but in line with that experienced in populated regions in Europe [13]. Fig.…”

Section: Climate Changesupporting

confidence: 62%

Modelling electricity demand in Karachi: historical trends, determinants, and future scenarios

Kazmi

Mehmood

2023

2023 IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Middle East (ISGT Middle East)

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Ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all is one of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations General Assembly (SDG 7). Achieving this goal requires both insights into the drivers of present energy demand and foresight into how it will evolve in the future. This information on the demand side is also vital in planning a supply system that relies on affordable, reliable and sustainable energy as much as possible. Unfortunately, in most low-and medium-income countries, data availability on both demand and supply sides remains extremely limited, which complicates downstream operation. In this paper, we analyze overall electricity demand in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan and one of the largest in the world. The city, with its cooling-dominated climate, experiences large and rapidly growing electricity demand during the summer period. We also discuss how climate change, socioeconomic factors, and distributed generation through renewable energy have influenced the demand historically, and provide insights into its future evolution.

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Section: Climate Changesupporting

confidence: 62%

Modelling electricity demand in Karachi: historical trends, determinants, and future scenarios

Kazmi

Mehmood

2023

2023 IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Middle East (ISGT Middle East)

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“…It has been understood for some time that anthropogenic aerosols are co-emitted with GHGs during the combustion of fossil fuels, and it has been posited that they are masking the warming due to GHGs to some degree [91]. Because of the short atmospheric residence time of aerosols in the troposphere, and the adoption of more stringent air pollution standards (especially in Europe), the decline in anthropogenic aerosol concentration may be removing a significant cooling effect that has masked the underlying GHG warming [92][93][94].…”

Section: Solar Radiation Management (Srm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Climate Change Crisis: A Review of Its Causes and Possible Responses

Gabric

2023

Atmosphere

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Anthropogenic climate change (ACC) has evolved into a set of crises due to society’s deep economic dependency on fossil fuels. These multiple crises have been well documented and span diverse ecological, human health and economic settings. Given the scale and breadth of CC impacts, expert labeling of the issues has gradually changed from the somewhat benign sounding “global warming” to the more frightening description of a “climate emergency”. Notwithstanding calls for transformative societal change, serious attempts to confront ACC have been hampered by decades of government policy inaction, various scientific debates, political conservatism and denial and public ignorance or apathy. Meanwhile, atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have increased inexorably and show no sign of plateauing. The impacts of ACC are becoming evident sooner than expected, and projections for the future of the planet’s ecosystems and the human population which depends on them are dire. Proposals to geoengineer the climate are currently being hotly debated within the scientific community but may prove to be a last resort if the impacts of unmitigated warming become even more severe.

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Long-term variability of the MERRA-2 radiation budget over Poland in Central Europe

Markowicz,

Okrasa,

Chiliński

et al. 2023

Acta Geophys.

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This paper discusses the radiation budget and its temporal variability over Poland. The data analysis is based on the MERRA-2 reanalysis for the years 1980–2020. During the last four decades, the enhancement of climate warming has been observed, which coincides with the changes in the radiation budget. Positive and statistically significant trends at the top of the atmosphere (TOA; 0.7 ± 0.2 W/m2/10 year) and on the Earth’s surface (1.5 ± 0.2 W/m2/10 year) radiation budget (net downward flux) are mainly a consequence of changes in the amount of aerosol and greenhouse gases (GHG). According to MERRA-2, the AOD during this period decreased by − 0.19 (at 550 nm), which is 87% of the long-term (1980–2021) mean value (0.22). The reduction of AOD is due mainly to the decline of non-absorbing sulfate particles, which leads to a reduction of single-scattering albedo (SSA) by − 0.008 per decade and Angstrom exponent (AE) by − 0.06 per decade (both trends statistically significant). On the other hand, the GHG concentration increased by 4.9%/10 year and 3%/10 year, respectively, for CO2 and CH4. The total column of water vapor increased (1.3%/10 year), while ozone decreased (− 1%/10 year). Despite the fact that cloud cover and cloud optical depth (COD) decreased (− 1.8%/10 year and − 1.0%/10 year), the impact of cloud on temporal variability radiation budget is small. It can be explained by nearly compensated shortwave (SW) cooling and longwave (LW) heating effects. During the analysis period, near-surface air temperature increased by 2.0 °C. The estimated increase in SW net surface radiation (7.9 W/m2) leads to climate warming by 0.8 °C, which is a consequence mainly of the reduction of aerosol (0.4 °C) and cloud cover (0.2 °C). The impact of the change of SW radiation on air temperature is more pronounced during the warm season, while during the cold, air temperature change is controlled mainly by the variability of air mass advection.

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Unmasking the Effects of Aerosols on Greenhouse Warming Over Europe

Cited by 6 publications

References 81 publications

Modelling electricity demand in Karachi: historical trends, determinants, and future scenarios

Modelling electricity demand in Karachi: historical trends, determinants, and future scenarios

The Climate Change Crisis: A Review of Its Causes and Possible Responses

Long-term variability of the MERRA-2 radiation budget over Poland in Central Europe

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