Unmasking human visual perception with the magnetic coil and its relationship to hemispheric asymmetry

Amassian, Vahé E.; Cracco, Roger Q.; Maccabee, Paul J.; Cracco, Joan B.; Rudell, Alan P.; Eberle, L.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91757-j

Cited by 63 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Since TMS is applied to the system not via the retinal channel, TMS can tell us something about persistence of visual information at the cortical level. Amassian et al (1993) presented a target display followed by a pattern mask. The target was a string of three letters.…”

Section: Interaction Of Visual Masks and Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masking visual stimuli by transcranial magnetic stimulation

Kammer

2006

Psychological Research

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied over the occipital pole can suppress visual perception. Since its first description in 1989 by Amassian et al., this technique has widely been used to investigate visual processing at the cortical level. This article presents a review of experiments masking visual stimuli by TMS. The psychophysical characterization of TMS masking, the dependence on stimulus onset asynchrony between visual stimulus and TMS pulse, and the topography of masking within the visual field are considered. The relation between visual masking and the generation of phosphenes is discussed as well as the underlying physiological mechanisms.

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Section: Interaction Of Visual Masks and Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masking visual stimuli by transcranial magnetic stimulation

Kammer

2006

Psychological Research

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“…It is in this disruptive mode that we used TMS. The technique has been used to study the timing and localization of visual processing and hemispheric asymmetry (Amassian et al 1989(Amassian et al , 1993, motion perception (Hotson et al 1994;Beckers & Zeki 1995), attentional processes (Pascual Leone et al 1994) and perceptual learning ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task–specific impairments and enhancements induced by magnetic stimulation of human visual area V5

Walsh

Ellison

Battelli

et al. 1998

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

189

112

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to simulate the e¡ects of highly circumscribed brain damage permanently present in some neuropsychological patients, by reversibly disrupting the normal functioning of the cortical area to which it is applied. By using TMS we attempted to recreate de¢cits similar to those reported in a motion-blind patient and to assess the speci¢city of de¢cits when TMS is applied over human area V5. We used six visual search tasks and showed that subjects were impaired in a motion but not a form`pop-out' task when TMS was applied over V5. When motion was present, but irrelevant, or when attention to colour and form were required, TMS applied to V5 enhanced performance. When attention to motion was required in a motion^form conjunction search task, irrespective of whether the target was moving or stationary, TMS disrupted performance. These data suggest that attention to di¡erent visual attributes involves mutual inhibition between di¡erent extrastriate visual areas.

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“…For instance, some studies use accuracy instead 9,12,62 . In these cases, normal performance without TMS is already below ceiling levels so the disruption induced by stimulation is reflected in the accuracy scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically this involves either a single or double pulse TMS delivered to a region at different points of time within a trial. Because the effect of an individual TMS pulse occurs immediately and lasts somewhere between 5 and 40 msec [7][8][9][10] , this enables the researcher to map the temporal dynamics of regional neuronal activity including its onset, duration, and offset 11,12 . The duration of this disruption limits the temporal resolution of the technique to 10s of msec, roughly an order of magnitude coarser than electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Śliwińska

Vitello

Devlin

2014

JoVE

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a safe, non-invasive brain stimulation technique that uses a strong electromagnet in order to temporarily disrupt information processing in a brain region, generating a short-lived "virtual lesion." Stimulation that interferes with task performance indicates that the affected brain region is necessary to perform the task normally. In other words, unlike neuroimaging methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that indicate correlations between brain and behavior, TMS can be used to demonstrate causal brain-behavior relations. Furthermore, by varying the duration and onset of the virtual lesion, TMS can also reveal the time course of normal processing. As a result, TMS has become an important tool in cognitive neuroscience. Advantages of the technique over lesion-deficit studies include better spatial-temporal precision of the disruption effect, the ability to use participants as their own control subjects, and the accessibility of participants. Limitations include concurrent auditory and somatosensory stimulation that may influence task performance, limited access to structures more than a few centimeters from the surface of the scalp, and the relatively large space of free parameters that need to be optimized in order for the experiment to work. Experimental designs that give careful consideration to appropriate control conditions help to address these concerns. This article illustrates these issues with TMS results that investigate the spatial and temporal contributions of the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) to reading.

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Unmasking human visual perception with the magnetic coil and its relationship to hemispheric asymmetry

Cited by 63 publications

References 7 publications

Masking visual stimuli by transcranial magnetic stimulation

Masking visual stimuli by transcranial magnetic stimulation

Task–specific impairments and enhancements induced by magnetic stimulation of human visual area V5

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

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