Unmasking cryptic species: morphometric and phylogenetic analyses of the Ibero-North African<i>Linaria incarnata</i>complex

Vigalondo, Beatriz; Fernández‐Mazuecos, Mario; Vargas, Pablo; Sáez, Llorenç

doi:10.1111/boj.12251

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Integrative taxonomy (Dayrat, ; Padial et al ., ; Schlick‐Steiner et al ., ) and, in particular, the combined approach of thorough morphological studies and DNA sequence‐based phylogenetic analysis for the determination of species boundaries are allowing taxonomic problems in various biological groups to be solved satisfactorily (e.g. Grismer et al ., ; Malekzadeh‐Viayeh et al ., ; Vigalondo et al ., ; Zamora, Calonge & Martín, ). Among bryophytes, many cryptic species ( sensu Bickford et al ., ) have been uncovered thanks to this methodology (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Integrative taxonomy sheds light on an old problem: theUlota crispacomplex (Orthotrichaceae, Musci)

et al. 2016

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The combined use of morphological and molecular analyses has been proven to be useful in resolving taxonomic complexes with hidden diversity. In bryology, however, integrative taxonomy has rarely been employed to revisit relevant old, unresolved problems. One of these classical controversies is whether the Ulota crispa complex comprises one or three species. To elucidate this, an exhaustive morphological revision, based on numerous herbarium and fresh specimens from most of the Holarctic areas in which U. crispa has been reported, and molecular analyses, using one nuclear (ITS2) and three plastid (trnG, trnL-trnF, atpB-rbcL) loci on a selection of representative specimens, have been performed. The results unambiguously point to the existence of three morphotypes, ascribable to the previously described Ulota crispa s.s., U. crispula and U. intermedia, which can be differentiated by an ample set of qualitative and quantitative morphological characters. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on molecular data is proposed, including samples of these morphotypes in a framework of another ten Ulota spp. and two Orthotrichum and two Zygodon spp. According to the results, the samples belonging to these morphotypes are placed in three independent and coherent monophyletic clades, indicating that they represent three closely related, but independent, species. The origin and development of the taxonomic debate around U. crispa and related taxa are discussed to illuminate the reasons for this historical confusion. The analysis of the geographical origin of the studied samples shows that all three species are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, although with different ranges. Ulota crispula has an amphi-Atlantic range, whereas U. crispa and U. intermedia display broader disjunct ranges; only in Europe do the three species co-occur. A key to the three species and updated detailed descriptions are provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Integrative taxonomy sheds light on an old problem: theUlota crispacomplex (Orthotrichaceae, Musci)

et al. 2016

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“…To date, several studies of phylogenetic relationships have been conducted within tribe Antirrhineae using molecular markers. However, the taxon sampling strategies of previous studies have been focused on the genera Antirrhinum (Vargas et al , , Liberal et al , Guzmán et al ) and Linaria (Blanco‐Pastor et al , , Blanco‐Pastor and Vargas , Fernández‐Mazuecos et al , Fernández‐Mazuecos and Vargas , Vigalondo et al , Guzmán et al ). The markers that have shown to provide adequate phylogenetic signals are nrDNA ITS, and cpDNA ndhF, rpl32‐trnL, trnK ‐ matK and trnS ‐ trnG .…”

Section: Historical Overview Of Some Important Classification Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny of the mainly Mediterranean genera Chaenorhinum, Kickxia and Nanorrhinum (Plantaginaceae, tribe Antirrhineae), with focus on taxa in the Flora Iranica region

Yousefi

Zarré

Heubl³

2016

Nordic Journal of Botany

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Plantaginaceae tribe Antirrhineae as revised by Sutton (1988) comprises about 30 genera that have undergone significant taxonomic changes in recent years, many of which have yet to be assessed by detailed phylogenetic analyses, including Kickxia, Nanorrhinum and Chaenorhinum. To examine the monophyly, relationships and rank of Kickxia, Nanorrhinum and Chaenorhinum, we conducted a phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (rpl32-trnL) sequence data, with special focus on the Flora Iranica region. We sampled 22 species of Kickxia s.l. (16 of Kickxia s.s. and 6 of Nanorrhinum), 2 species of Anarrhinum, 12 species of Chaenorhinum, 19 representatives of nine additional genera of Antirrhineae, and several outgroup taxa representing other genera of Plantaginaceae. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of the two datasets produced almost congruent trees, although taxon sampling differed. Our results indicate that Chaenorhinum can be subdivided into two highly supported groups of species, partially matching two of the currently recognized sections of the genus. Albraunia and Holzneria are nested within the Chaenorhinum clade and should not be recognized as distinct genera. Two clades corresponding to Kickxia sect. Kickxia and Kickxia sect. Valvatae were also highly supported. Our data, whn combined with all other available evidence, support recognition of the clade comprising Kickxia sect. Valvatae at the genus level, as Nanorrhinum. Based on this result, six names are here transferred to Nanorrhinum. A diagnostic key to the seven genera of tribe Antirrhineae known from the Flora Iranica region is also provided.

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“…These challenges may be particularly onerous for complexes of closely related nonnative taxa, which may be morphologically similar, poorly represented in local floras and keys, and unfamiliar to local taxonomists. High morphological similarity has in many cases masked cryptic genetic, geographic, and ecological diversity; with the rapid uptake of molecular methodologies, complexes of cryptic species are being uncovered at an unprecedented rate (e.g., Chan et al, 2002; Heinrichs et al, 2009; Yost et al, 2012; Vigalondo et al, 2015). Nonetheless, the quantitative analysis of morphology (morphometrics) has been widely applied to discriminate among species complexes and determine species boundaries in plants (e.g., Bayer, 1990; Chandler and Crisp, 1998; Naczi et al, 1998; Raulings and Ladiges, 2001; Gengler‐Nowak, 2002; Henderson, 2006).…”

Section: Currently Accepted Homotypic Synonyms (Previously Accepted) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology delimits more species than molecular genetic clusters of invasive Pilosella

Moffat

Ensing

Gaskin

et al. 2015

American J of Botany

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(1) Traditional floristic techniques may resolve more species than molecular analyses in taxonomic groups subject to introgression. (2) Even within complexes of closely related species, relatively few but highly discerning morphological characters can reliably discriminate species. (3) By clarifying patterns of morphological and genotypic variation of invasive Pilosella, we lay foundations for further ecological study and mitigation.

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Unmasking cryptic species: morphometric and phylogenetic analyses of the Ibero-North AfricanLinaria incarnatacomplex

Cited by 18 publications

References 52 publications

Integrative taxonomy sheds light on an old problem: theUlota crispacomplex (Orthotrichaceae, Musci)

Integrative taxonomy sheds light on an old problem: theUlota crispacomplex (Orthotrichaceae, Musci)

Molecular phylogeny of the mainly Mediterranean genera Chaenorhinum, Kickxia and Nanorrhinum (Plantaginaceae, tribe Antirrhineae), with focus on taxa in the Flora Iranica region

Morphology delimits more species than molecular genetic clusters of invasive Pilosella

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