Unlocking the polyfunctionality of cactus waste seed lignin in sustained catalysts: Optimizing the catalytic activity of a novel maleated lignin catalyst (MLC)

Safety profiling of technical lignins originating from various bioresources and conversion processes

“…The growing emphasis and transition from the use of fossil resources to renewable ones, as well as the advances in biorefinery research towards a circular economy, have paved the way for exploring innovating use of biomass residues. In particular, lignocellulosic feedstocks like lignins have already shown promising industrial value as renewable carbon resources for broad applications [ 1 , 2 ] as well as for very specialized usage [ 3 , 4 ]. Technical lignins are side streams historically originating from the pulp and paper industry, and more recently as recalcitrant residues from lignocellulosic conversion through so-called “second generation biorefineries”.…”