Unlocking the complexity of HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection

Scully, Eileen P.; Bryson, Bryan

doi:10.1172/jci154407

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…This highlights the signi cance of implementing comprehensive care and prevention initiatives. [7] In our study increasing age and higher MRC grade are found to be predictors of mortality in both HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative patients, George EL et.al reported that they found no statistically signi cant difference in mortality between HIV seropositive and HIV Seronegative patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

The Impact of HIV on Tuberculous Meningitis Mortality; Experience from a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Waqar,

Khalid,

Saddiqa

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background The global death rate from tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is still rather high, making it a dangerous and sometimes fatal infectious condition. The risk of TBM is greatly increased by HIV infection, as is widely known, however new studies indicates that HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals may not have significantly different death rates. The objective of this research is to examine and clarify this occurrence while also determining the main factors that predict death in individuals with TBM. Materials &Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Department of Neurology of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences from June- 2022 to June 2023. Patients exhibiting characteristics suggestive of meningeal tuberculosis and meeting the criteria of the Thwaites index were included and Patients with bacterial meningitis, dengue infection, malaria, fungal infection and neoplasia were excluded. Analysis: SPSS version 25 used, chi square, Phi and Pearson’s coefficient were used to analyze correlation and statistical significance. Results Statistical analysis showed a non-significant association HIV positivity and mortality, Pearson’s chi square test significance was (P- value) 0.424 (it should be less than 0.05). Phi coefficient correlation showed no correlation between HIV and Mortality. In contrast to the above analysis Increasing MRC grade of tuberculosis and Increasing age of Patients were associated with higher mortality and the results are statistically significant. Conclusion HIV although associated with higher incidence of tuberculosis, didn’t increase mortality from TB meningitis, and increasing age and higher severity of disease are predictors of mortality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

The Impact of HIV on Tuberculous Meningitis Mortality; Experience from a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Waqar,

Khalid,

Saddiqa

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…New approaches are urgently needed to treat the TB/HIV syndemic. Defining the molecular mechanisms that govern the reactivation of TB in the presence of Mtb/HIV co-infection is a critical research priority for developing improved therapeutic regimens in combination with ART [ 98 ]. Many critical questions, however, remain unanswered, including the fact that ART does not eliminate the risk of ATB, even when the CD4 counts are high, and the viral loads are low/undetectable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Responses in Lung Granulomas during Mtb/HIV Co-Infection: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy

Kaushal,

Singh,

Mehra

2023

Pathogens

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HIV and TB are the cause of significant worldwide mortality and pose a grave danger to the global public health. TB is the leading cause of death in HIV-infected persons, with one in four deaths attributable to TB. While the majority of healthy individuals infected with M. tuberculosis (Mtb) are able to control the infection, co-infection with HIV increases the risk of TB infection progressing to TB disease by over 20-fold. While antiretroviral therapy (ART), the cornerstone of HIV care, decreases the incidence of TB in HIV-uninfected people, this remains 4- to 7-fold higher after ART in HIV-co-infected individuals in TB-endemic settings, regardless of the duration of therapy. Thus, the immune control of Mtb infection in Mtb/HIV-co-infected individuals is not fully restored by ART. We do not fully understand the reasons why Mtb/HIV-co-infected individuals maintain a high susceptibility to the reactivation of LTBI, despite an effective viral control by ART. A deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern HIV-induced reactivation of TB is essential to develop improved treatments and vaccines for the Mtb/HIV-co-infected population. We discuss potential strategies for the mitigation of the observed chronic immune activation in combination with both anti-TB and anti-retroviral approaches.

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“…Given the substantial evidence that the male sex bias has a biological basis, a follow-up question is whether the sex bias is evident even in immunocompromised patients. The male sex bias has been studied in TB/HIV-1 coinfected patients since HIV-1 infection is one of the highest risk factors for TB [14]. Of 128 Mtb/HIV-1 coinfected patients in Colombia, 79.7% were men [15].…”

Section: Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and hormonal mechanisms underlying sex-specific immune responses in tuberculosis

Gupta

Srikrishna

Klein

et al. 2022

Trends in Immunology

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Unlocking the complexity of HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

The Impact of HIV on Tuberculous Meningitis Mortality; Experience from a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

The Impact of HIV on Tuberculous Meningitis Mortality; Experience from a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Immune Responses in Lung Granulomas during Mtb/HIV Co-Infection: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy

Genetic and hormonal mechanisms underlying sex-specific immune responses in tuberculosis

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