Unlikely Liberators

Duus, Masayo Umezawa; Duus, Peter

doi:10.1515/9780824865412

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This fundamental reaction involves addition of the organometallic to the electrophilic carbon of the CO group which, in the case of an aldehyde or ketone, allows for the ready synthesis of secondary or tertiary alcohols. In striking contrast to the reactions of main-group organometallics with a carbonyl group, the seemingly analogous reaction of these reagents with a thioketone does not lead to a thiol by addition of the organometallic to the carbon of the CS group; rather, the reaction of organolithiums or alkylmagnesium compounds with thioketones usually proceeds either by thiophilic addition to the sulfur atom of the CS unit to give a sulfide or by reduction of the CS group to give a thiol …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Reactions of Ketones and Thioketones with Alkyllithiums: A Coordinated Experimental and Computational Investigation

2012

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The reaction of ketones with organolithium reagents generally proceeds by addition of the organometallic to the electrophilic carbon of the C═O group to give the lithium salt of a tertiary alcohol. The seemingly analogous reaction of thioketones with organolithiums is a fundamentally different process: such reactions typically afford a variety of products, and addition of the organolithium to carbon of the C═S group to give a thiol is a relatively unimportant component. Reactions of the stable thioketone, adamantantanethione (1), with several alkyllithiums (MeLi, n-BuLi and t-BuLi) in a variety of solvents have been studied in the first comprehensive investigation of the reactions of organolithiums with a representative alkyl-substituted thione. Reactions of 1 with n-BuLi or t-BuLi afforded 2-adamantanethiol (2) as the major product. In an effort to explain the marked difference in behavior of ketones and thioketones in reactions with organolithiums, transition states for both the addition and reduction reactions have been located at the B3LYP/6-311+G* level using acetone and thioacetone as model substrates. The transition states for the addition of dimeric MeLi to the C═O and C═S carbons of acetone and thioacetone were significantly different as a result of the small bond angles preferred by divalent sulfur, and this accounts for the much slower addition to a C═S carbon vis-à-vis a C═O group. Transition states for reduction of acetone and thioacetone by EtLi were similar, but the greater exothermicity of the reduction of the thioketone results in an earlier transition state and lower activation energy for this process than that for the reduction of a ketone. The possible role of radical-mediated processes in this chemistry is also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Reactions of Ketones and Thioketones with Alkyllithiums: A Coordinated Experimental and Computational Investigation

2012

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“…The cultural policy emphasized the creation of a "common East Asian culture." 30 Colonial prisons therefore became an apparatus for assimilating the "uncivilized" through several techniques to fulfill its role, including rituals, education, and labor.…”

Section: Prison As a Power Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panoptic apparatus: a study of the Japanese-built prisons in colonial Taiwan (1895–1945)

Song

2021

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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Prison construction was among the most important infrastructural developments introduced into Taiwan by the Japanese colonial regime in the late nineteenth century. The Japanese-built colonial prisons were characterized by their adaptation of Western-style prison typology, which signified the successful transfer of multiple aspects of modernity from the West, first to an eastern nation and then to its colonies. Completed in 1921, the Chiayi Prison is the only existing Japanese-built radial-plan prison in Taiwan, of which the built form and spatial arrangement reflect how the authority disciplined the inmates. This paper firstly offers a summary of how the modernization of prisons developed in Euro-American countries and then how it was introduced to Japan and its colonies. Then it gives a comparative analysis of the three major prisons in colonial Taiwan. Using the Chiayi Prison as a primary case study, this paper examines the surrounding urban formation, architectural creation, and spatial effects of the prison and how it attempted to achieve the moral correction of the prisoners.

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“…Ikeda Hayatato, who was at the time the director of the ministry's tax division and became elected prime minister of Japan between 1960 and 1964, apparently negotiated the credit. 94 Local police and military units granted access to rationed commodities such as blankets, beds and toiletries, and also shared their prostitution license files to help recruitment. 95 The RAA had thus enough resources to rent or buy facilities, furnish its establishments, offer food and salaries, and to run public recruitment campaigns.…”

Section: Conceptualizing the "Female Floodwall": Imperial Knowledge Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Haunted by Defeat: Imperial Sexualities, Prostitution, and the Emergence of Postwar Japan

Kramm¹

2017

Journal of World History

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Kong F OLLOWING their defeat in World War II, Japan's state authorities initiated the building of recreational facilities with brothels, bars, cabarets, and restaurants to "comfort" (ian) the Allied military occupiers. "Comfort station" was a euphemism for the institutionalized system of military sex slavery implemented by the Japanese state throughout Asia during the war. In the immediate postwar period, Japanese officials adapted established practices developed during the imperial period about both forced and voluntary prostitution, sexuality, and its regulation to conceptualize a postwar "recreation scheme." They called it a "female floodwall" (onna no bōhatei)-a protective zone to separate the foreign occupation troops from the Japanese population and especially from women and girls. The initiative was aimed at protecting the "national body" (kokutai), a fuzzy concept of identity and unity originating in imperial Japan. With the sudden disintegration of its empire, this initiative helped Japan's authorities establish a new sense of community. Its emergence was shaped by imperial strategies being turned inwards as Japanese society shifted from colonizer to colonized with the imposition of American hegemony. Gender and sexuality, mediated by Japanese women's bodies, were key elements in this clash between the fall of the Japanese empire and the rise of the U.S. empire which forged the emergence of postwar Japanese nationalism. 1 This article analyzes the conceptualization and

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Unlikely Liberators

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Contrasting Reactions of Ketones and Thioketones with Alkyllithiums: A Coordinated Experimental and Computational Investigation

Contrasting Reactions of Ketones and Thioketones with Alkyllithiums: A Coordinated Experimental and Computational Investigation

Panoptic apparatus: a study of the Japanese-built prisons in colonial Taiwan (1895–1945)

Haunted by Defeat: Imperial Sexualities, Prostitution, and the Emergence of Postwar Japan

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