Unleashing the Power and Energy of LiFePO<sub>4</sub>-Based Redox Flow Lithium Battery with a Bifunctional Redox Mediator

Zhu, Yun; Du, Yonghua; Jia, Chuankun; Zhou, Mingyue; Fan, Li; Wang, Xingzhu; Wang, Qing

doi:10.1021/jacs.7b01146

Cited by 74 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The use of iodide‐based catholyte simplifies electrolyte composition and can potentially achieve an energy density of 670 Wh L −1 . Later, another bifunctional redox mediator, 2,3,5,6‐tetramethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine was employed to target LiFePO 4 . The use of a single redox molecule in the electrolyte provides substantial benefits for both operation and maintenance and it is expected to be less vulnerable to degradation compared with the case involving multiple redox couples.…”

Section: Evolution Of Redox‐targeting‐based Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox‐Targeting‐Based Flow Batteries for Large‐Scale Energy Storage

2018

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Redox-targeting reactions of battery materials by redox molecules are extensively studied for energy storage since the first report in 2006. Implementation of the "redox-targeting" concept in redox flow batteries presents not only an innovative idea of battery design that considerably boosts the energy density of flow-battery system, but also an intriguing research platform applied to a wide variety of chemistries for different applications. Here, a critical overview of the recent progress in redox-targeting-based flow batteries is presented and the development of the technology in the various aspects from mechanistic understanding of the reaction kinetics to system optimization is highlighted. The limitations presently lying ahead for the widespread applications of "redox targeting" are also identified and recommendations for addressing the constraints are given. The adequate development of the redox-targeting concept should provide a credible solution for advanced large-scale energy storage in the near future.

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Section: Evolution Of Redox‐targeting‐based Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox‐Targeting‐Based Flow Batteries for Large‐Scale Energy Storage

2018

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“…[43] Here, operando XANES was used for Adv. As a powerful technique to probe the variations of valence state and chemical environment in battery materials, XANES has been employed previously in a two-molecule redox targeting system to analyse the reaction of LiFePO 4 with TMPD •+ /TMPD •2+ and FePO 4 with TMPD/TMPD •+ .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as the Sole Solid Energy Storage Material for Redox Flow Sodium‐Ion Battery

Zhou

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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like wind and solar for electricity generation. The growth will go on accelerating to replace the fossil fuels in the future. [1] At the same time, the intermittent nature of these power sources necessitates a durable and cost-effective energy storage system to meet the huge demands for peak shifting and power buffering for GWscale systems. Considering the scalability, operation safety, and flexibility, redox flow battery (RFB) is regarded as one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage technologies which have found their own niche for the large-scale energy storage applications. [2] Unlike other rivals such as lithium ion battery and leadacid battery, RFB stores energy in mobilized electrolyte solutions other than in solid active materials coated on electrode sheets. The design that the redox active compounds circulate between the storage reservoir and cell stack with the aid of pumps, enables decoupled energy storage and power generation.However, the conventional redox flow batteries severely suffer from low energy density (<40 Wh L −1 ) as a result of limited solubility of redox species and low cell voltage, which adds on the footprint and capital cost of the system, impeding its practical deployment. [3] To improve the energy density, various aprotic RFBs have been explored for enhanced cell voltage. [4,5] However, because of the low solubility of aprotic solvents to many redox active compounds, [6] the reported high energy aprotic RFBs are limited to a few systems such as polyiodide, [7] redox-active ionic liquids, [8,9] deep eutectics, [10] and hybrid electrolyte. [11,12] Through molecular engineering, metallocene such as ferrocene derivatives [13,14] and redox-active organic materials [15][16][17][18][19] such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl derivatives [17] and benzothiadiazole [16] have recently been reported to have good solubility and potentially high energy density. Although the solubility can reach up to 5 m in pure solvent, taking the supporting salts and electrolyte viscosity into consideration, the practical concentration of those molecules remains limited to <2 m.[2] By forming slurry of solid active materials with conducting carbon additives, semisolid flow cells that utilize solid suspensions represent an alternative way to increase the effective concentration. [20] Although the energy density can in theory be increased considerably, these cells may have critical issues on fluid conductivities and Redox flow batteries have considerable advantages of system scalability and operation flexibility over other battery technologies, which makes them promising for large-scale energy storage application. However, they suffer from low energy density and consequently relatively high cost for a nominal energy output. Redox targeting-based flow batteries are employed by incorporating solid energy storage materials in the tank and present energy density far beyond the solubility limit of the electrolytes. The success of this concept relies on paring suitable redox mediators with solid mate...

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“…Upon introduction of 0.44 m equivalent LiFePO 4 powder into the cathodic compartment, the static cell revealed an extended voltage plateau beyond the capacity of 0.50 m FcIL in the catholyte. Unlike the previously reported two‐molecule redox systems or the systems with a single molecule with multiple redox potentials, this cell exhibits only one voltage plateau, which considerably decreases the voltage loss, and thus, leads to an unprecedented improvement in voltage efficiency to about 95 %. Benefitting from the SMRT reaction, the flow cell exhibited a voltage efficiency of over 94 %, which is on a par with or even superior to other rival battery technologies.…”

Section: Organometallic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Regardless of its promising performance, the clear limitations of this technology can be listed as the dependence of power density on the solubility of the redox mediator, and the significant voltage loss owing to the difference in standard potentials of the redox shuttles. On the basis of the same concept, several advancements have been made to minimize and/or resolve the aforementioned problems, for example, the use of I 3 − /I 2 /I − as a bi‐redox molecule, which allows targeting of the redox potential of LiFePO 4 (ca. 370 Wh kg −1 and ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Organic and Organometallic Redox Shuttles for Lithium‐Ion Redox Flow Batteries

et al. 2020

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In recent years, redox flow batteries (RFBs) and derivatives have attracted wide attention from academia to the industrial world because of their ability to accelerate large‐grid energy storage. Although vanadium‐based RFBs are commercially available, they possess a low energy and power density, which might limit their use on an industrial scale. Therefore, there is scope to improve the performance of RFBs, and this is still an open field for research and development. Herein, a combination between a conventional Li‐ion battery and a redox flow battery results in a significant improvement in terms of energy and power density alongside better safety and lower cost. Currently, Li‐ion redox flow batteries are becoming a well‐established subdomain in the field of flow batteries. Accordingly, the design of novel redox mediators with controllable physical chemical characteristics is crucial for the application of this technology to industrial applications. This Review summarizes the recent works devoted to the development of novel redox mediators in Li‐ion redox flow batteries.

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Unleashing the Power and Energy of LiFePO₄-Based Redox Flow Lithium Battery with a Bifunctional Redox Mediator

Cited by 74 publications

References 26 publications

Redox‐Targeting‐Based Flow Batteries for Large‐Scale Energy Storage

Redox‐Targeting‐Based Flow Batteries for Large‐Scale Energy Storage

Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as the Sole Solid Energy Storage Material for Redox Flow Sodium‐Ion Battery

Recent Advances in the Development of Organic and Organometallic Redox Shuttles for Lithium‐Ion Redox Flow Batteries

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Unleashing the Power and Energy of LiFePO4-Based Redox Flow Lithium Battery with a Bifunctional Redox Mediator

Cited by 74 publications

References 26 publications

Redox‐Targeting‐Based Flow Batteries for Large‐Scale Energy Storage

Redox‐Targeting‐Based Flow Batteries for Large‐Scale Energy Storage

Na3V2(PO4)3 as the Sole Solid Energy Storage Material for Redox Flow Sodium‐Ion Battery

Recent Advances in the Development of Organic and Organometallic Redox Shuttles for Lithium‐Ion Redox Flow Batteries

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Unleashing the Power and Energy of LiFePO₄-Based Redox Flow Lithium Battery with a Bifunctional Redox Mediator

Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as the Sole Solid Energy Storage Material for Redox Flow Sodium‐Ion Battery