“…PAT complements other imaging methods in contrast mechanism, spatial-temporal resolution, and penetration depth, and has found broad applications in the biomedical research, especially in functional brain mapping [48], cancer diagnosis and staging [45, 49], tissue engineering and regenerative medicine [50], developmental biology [51], and molecular cell biology [52], as comprehensively reviewed elsewhere [6, 53, 54]. In particular, PAT has been widely used for various cancer studies [45], including fundamental research of cancerogenesis [55], cancer detection and staging [56], and navigation and evaluation in cancer treatment [57].…”