“…Teaching and learning methods can cause “musical suffering” when employed indiscriminately (Benedict, 2009, p. 221) or associated with oppressor–oppressed hierarchies (Allsup, 2016; Kanellopoulos, 2016). They may even disseminate discriminatory values relating to class (e.g., Baker, 2014; Bull, 2019), gender and sexuality (e.g., Gould, 2012; Mantie & Talbot, 2020), race and ethnicity (e.g., Gustafson, 2009; Thomas-Durrell, 2022), religion (e.g., Harris, 2006; Jorgensen, 2019), and disability and neurodiversity (e.g., Cheng, 2020; Churchill & Laes, 2021).…”