University employees' preparedness for natural hazards and incidents of mass violence: An application of the extended parallel process model

Weber, Marcela C.; Schulenberg, Stefan E.; Lair, Elicia C.

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.03.032

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Similarly, response efficacy refers to the effectivity of a proposed or recommended response for avoiding or mitigating the threat of a disaster. Individuals with high efficacy attempt to react and formulate the nature of their responses to the perceived threat of a disaster [ 48 , 49 ]. The perceived threat and confidence level of a person determine his/her motivations and actions.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the perceived efficacy outweighs the perceived threat or the repeated exposure to disaster information reduces the perceived threat, the danger control process motivates individuals to adaptively deal with the perceived threat of a disaster [ 47 ]. Individuals with high efficacy attempt to react and formulate the nature of their responses to the perceived threat of a disaster [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Social Networking Sites and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: A Mediation and Moderation Model

Shah

Lü

Ghani

2021

IJERPH

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Climate change poses a huge threat. Social networking sites (SNSs) have become sources of human–environment interactions and shaped the societal perception of climate change and its effect on society. This study, based on the extended parallel process model, aims to examine the effect of exposure to climate change-related information on SNSs on the pro-environmental behaviors of individuals. The study examines the mediation effect of fear of victimization from climate change between the exposure to climate change-related information on SNSs and pro-environmental behaviors, including the moderation effect of attention deficit and decision-making self-efficacy with the help of appropriate instruments. A total sample of 406 reliable questionnaires were collected from students using SNSs in China, and data were analyzed through SPSS and AMOS. Results indicate that the exposure to climate change-related information on SNSs has a direct positive effect on users’ pro-environmental behaviors (β = 0.299, p < 0.01). Fear of victimization from climate change also mediates the relationship between exposure to climate change-related information on SNSs and pro-environmental behaviors (β = 0.149, SE = 0.029, p < 0.01). In addition, attention deficit moderates the relationship of exposure to climate change-related information on SNSs with fear of victimization from climate change (β = −0.090, p ≤ 0.01) and pro-environmental behaviors (β = −0.090, p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, the relationship between fear of victimization from climate change and pro-environmental behaviors is moderated by decision-making self-efficacy (β = 0.267, p ≤ 0.01). The findings offer implications for media organizations and government policy makers, who should post or spread environmental information through the most trustworthy media, with trustworthy sources, in an effective manner, and without exaggerated adverse impacts.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Social Networking Sites and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: A Mediation and Moderation Model

Shah

Lü

Ghani

2021

IJERPH

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“…This model mainly incorporates three previous studies on fear appeals, the fear-as-acquired model [ 20 ], the parallel process model [ 21 ], and protection motivation theory [ 22 , 23 ]. This latest theoretical development has inspired a long list of follow-up empirical research because of its strong explanatory power in the field of public health communication and disaster preparedness research [ 8 , 24 , 25 ]. However, Popova [ 26 ] closely examined the entire body of literature concerning this model and found that the EPPM's propositions and assumptions were not fully explored and supported and that its operationalized constructs were measured differently in different studies.…”

Section: Extended Parallel Process Model (Eppm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Questionnaire for measuring three dimensions—attitudes, intentions, and behaviours. For example, six preparedness behaviours are defined as danger control responses: reading (i) daily email and (ii) emergency alerts, access to (iii) radio and (iv) first aid kits, watching (v) educational videos on responding to the threat, and viewing (vi) educational posters on responding to the threat [ 25 ]. Fear control responses Emotional process producing a defensive motivation in which a significant threat renders an individual unable to adopt the recommendations through coping mechanisms—e.g., defensive avoidance, denial and reactance [ 27 ].…”

Section: Extended Parallel Process Model (Eppm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding danger control responses, prior surveys examined some dimensions related to attitude, intentions, and beliefs. For example, Weber et al [ 25 ] defined some preparedness behaviours for future emergencies among university employees, including reading mass emails and emergency alerts by the university, listening to weather radio, accessing first aid kits, watching educational videos by the university regarding how to respond to an emergency such as an on-campus shooting, and studying educational posters regarding how to respond to weather or disease-related emergencies. Regarding fear control responses, Witte [ 27 ] defined three possible mechanisms: defensive avoidance, denial and reactance.…”

Section: Extended Parallel Process Model (Eppm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fear of disasters within the risk communication network of foreign students in Japan amid the COVID-19 pandemic crisis: A cohort design

Minh¹,

Lim²

2022

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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The main objective of this study is to examine the role of risk communication during the COVID-19 crisis, which is often neglected in studies investigating the outbreak of the pandemic. The study is based on survey data from a group of international (non-Japanese) students in Japan and the theoretical foundation of fear appeal theory. The results, which are based on the panel data structure, show that individually, (1) the act of seeking out others to discuss risks in depth in the current pandemic context or (2) the observed adoption of advocated precautionary health behaviours is not necessarily a good indicator of mental management, but (3) the combined effect of (1) and (2) unexpectedly suggests a conciliatory effect on the fear of disasters. Moreover, this evidence-based finding (3) suggests that a reciprocal relationship exists between threat and efficacy in terms of mediating fear under the framework and theory of fear appeals, indirectly challenging the fear control response proposition of the extended parallel process model. Our empirical findings emphasize the role of risk discourse and information sharing combined with preventive health behaviours adopted within a community in the context of global health crises.

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What drives feelings of responsibility for disaster preparedness? A case of power failures in Finland and New Zealand

Nikkanen

Malinen

Laurikainen³

2023

Risk Hazard & Crisis Pub Pol

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The division of responsibilities for disaster preparedness between individuals and society is rapidly evolving: national‐level preparedness has made way for networked disaster risk governance, and citizens are also expected to play their part. Preparedness is shaped by various individual and socioeconomic factors, including previous disaster experience and perceptions of risk. However, little is known about whom citizens perceive to be responsible for preparedness. This study examines the factors associated with an individual's perception of their own responsibility in preparing for a disaster—long power failures—and the factors related to preparedness measures taken. As societal disaster context may impact perceptions of responsibility, we investigate preparedness through large‐scale surveys (n = 2028) in two countries: Finland, where the frequency of disasters is low, and New Zealand, which experiences disasters relatively often. We find that self‐efficacy strongly predicts perception of responsibility and actual preparedness measures in both countries. However, we show that New Zealanders feel more responsible for their own preparedness than Finns. This may be influenced by New Zealand's recent experiences of severe disasters and active preparedness‐related communication. In addition, previous experience with power failures and risk perception are connected to preparedness in both countries, echoing past research. We conclude that surrounding historical and societal context seem to shape the individual's feelings of responsibility for disaster preparedness, while self‐efficacy remains the most salient factor in empowering individuals to take responsibility.

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University employees' preparedness for natural hazards and incidents of mass violence: An application of the extended parallel process model

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

The Use of Social Networking Sites and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: A Mediation and Moderation Model

The Use of Social Networking Sites and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: A Mediation and Moderation Model

Fear of disasters within the risk communication network of foreign students in Japan amid the COVID-19 pandemic crisis: A cohort design

What drives feelings of responsibility for disaster preparedness? A case of power failures in Finland and New Zealand

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