University courses, eating problems and muscle dysmorphia: are there any associations?

Bo, Simona; Zoccali, Rossana; Ponzo, Valentina; Soldati, Laura; Carli, Luca De; Benso, Andrea; Fea, Elisabetta; Rainoldi, Alberto; Durazzo, Marilena; Fassino, Secondo; Abbate-Daga, Giovanni

doi:10.1186/s12967-014-0221-2

Cited by 105 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It has been identified that over 100,000 individuals could meet the diagnostic criteria for MD in the US general population, with its expression also extending to child and adolescent experimental samples (Pope, Phillips, & Olivardia, 2000;Cohane & Pope, 2001;Ricciardelli & Williams, 2016). Recent investigations concerning the prevalence of MD, estimate the disorder to affect around 5.9% of people in the general western population (Bo et al, 2014).…”

Section: Muscle Dysmorphia and Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

2017

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An estimated 293,000 people living in the UK have used Anabolic-androgenic steroids.However, there is currently no intervention to reduce usage available in practice, or academic circulation throughout the UK. This study aimed to test a novel hypothesis that increased levels of intrasexual competition may play an important influential role in the use of AASs.Significantly higher levels of intrasexual competition were evident in users compared to nonusers but only in the novice group (0-2 years' experience). The research provides evidence for intrasexual competition potentially influencing AAS use but only during the initial stages of usage.

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Section: Muscle Dysmorphia and Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

2017

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“…Currently the ORTO-15 questionnaire [29] is used to determine the presence of ON. Higher prevalence has been found in yoga instructors [30], dieticians, [31], nutrition students [32], and exercise science students [33] compared to the general population. The prevalence of ON in the general population was recently estimated to be less than 1% [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instagram use is linked to increased symptoms of orthorexia nervosa

Turner¹,

Lefevre²

2017

Eat Weight Disord

250

159

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PurposeSocial media use is ever increasing amongst young adults and has previously been shown to have negative effects on body image, depression, social comparison, and disordered eating. One eating disorder of interest in this context is orthorexia nervosa, an obsession with eating healthily. High orthorexia nervosa prevalence has been found in populations who take an active interest in their health and body and is frequently comorbid with anorexia nervosa. Here, we investigate links between social media use, in particularly Instagram and orthorexia nervosa symptoms.MethodsWe conducted an online survey of social media users (N = 680) following health food accounts. We assessed their social media use, eating behaviours, and orthorexia nervosa symptoms using the ORTO-15 inventory.ResultsHigher Instagram use was associated with a greater tendency towards orthorexia nervosa, with no other social media channel having this effect. In exploratory analyses Twitter showed a small positive association with orthorexia symptoms. BMI and age had no association with orthorexia nervosa. The prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among the study population was 49%, which is significantly higher than the general population (<1%).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the healthy eating community on Instagram has a high prevalence of orthorexia symptoms, with higher Instagram use being linked to increased symptoms. These findings highlight the implications social media can have on psychological wellbeing, and the influence social media ‘celebrities’ may have over hundreds of thousands of individuals. These results may also have clinical implications for eating disorder development and recovery.

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“…An increased prevalence of EDs has been reported amongst dietitians. 14–20 More recently, ON has also been observed to be more common in dietitians than the general population, although there have been no studies of this in the United States. 21–23 Because both ON and EDs are common in dietitians, this population was selected to consider whether these problems are related.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in the United States

Tremelling¹,

Sandon²,

Vega³

et al. 2017

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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Background Dietitians are trained to identify optimal food choices for clients based on medical state and lifestyle. Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a proposed disorder related to obsessions about eating healthfully; eating disorders (ED) are serious mental illnesses with symptoms related to eating, body image, and self-esteem. Both ON and EDs are more common amongst dietitians than the general population. Objective This study examined the prevalence of ON and EDs in dietitians in the United States and, amongst this sample, assessed whether the presence of ON symptoms related to symptoms of EDs, including weight, shape, eating, and restraint. Design A cross-sectional design compared responses for participants after dividing into three groups: those scoring at-risk for ON, those with a current or past ED, and a comparison group. Participants A sample of 2,500 registered dietitians were invited to complete surveys electronically; 636 responses were received. Main Outcome Measures Scores on the ORTO-15 and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) determined prevalence of ON and EDs. Differences in these measures, and body mass index (BMI) were compared in the three groups. Statistical Analyses Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square analyses compared the groups. Results For the entire sample, scores on the ORTO-15 suggested 49.5% were at risk for ON, and scores on the EDE-Q suggested 12.9% were at risk for an ED, with 8.2% of dietitians self-disclosing treatment for an ED. Both the group disclosing ED treatment and the group at risk for ON had a lower mean BMI, lower scores on the ORTO-15 and higher scores on the EDE-Q and all its subscales than the comparison group. Conclusions Clarifying the relationship between ON and EDs is warranted, as ON symptoms appear to be associated not only with disturbances in eating but also with elevated shape and weight concerns.

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University courses, eating problems and muscle dysmorphia: are there any associations?

Cited by 105 publications

References 37 publications

Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

Instagram use is linked to increased symptoms of orthorexia nervosa

Orthorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in the United States

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